Anatomy 260 Signature Assignment
Marizia Camille Hairal
West Coast University
Anatomy 260 Signature Assignment A patient was brought to the Emergency Department by ambulance with two arrow wounds. One arrow is still in the patient on the left side; entering anteriorly between the 7th and 8th ribs in a 15 degree angle, the arrow head protruding posteriorly. The second wound is located in the posterior cervical triangle. Question 1: What serosal cavities have been penetrated by the first arrow? The first arrow penetrated the patient’s pleural cavity. The pleural cavity is composed of the layers of the membrane lining the lung and the chest cavity. The lungs, if penetrated, can be a serious condition. “Injuries related to the pleural space…show more content… “The autonomic nervous system consists of all the visceral motor neurons innervating peripheral effectors other than skeletal muscles” (Martini, Tallitsch, Nath, 2018). The autonomic nervous system consists of the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic division, responsible for the control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue. The patient will experience an elevated pulse rate because of compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure due to bleeding. There will also be ineffective breathing pattern due to decreased lung volume capacity which will make the respiratory rate to elevate. The oxygen saturation will be low. There will be a reduction of body temperature because of oxygen deprivation to the tissues. When a lung becomes punctured, it is important to follow standard procedures by covering the lung in sterile dressing so there is no exposed air penetrating. If there is air inside the lung, the lung is unable to perform basic functionalities of expanding and contracting…show more content… Include the subcategories and cellular components for each tissue type. There are three distinct tissue types located on the tracheal slides, Respiratory Epithelium, Trachealis Muscle and Tracheal cartilage. Found in the pharynx, larynx and pulmonary tracts, this tissue utilizes flexibility allowing airflow towards the lungs providing additional respiratory support to the trachea. There are approximately 16-20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings that surround the bronchus in effort to compose and contract. “The epithelial surfaces of the lungs are in direct contact with the environment and are subjected to dynamic physical forces as airway tubes and alveoli are stretched and compressed during ventilation” (Whitsett & Alenghat, 2014). The respiratory epithelium can be easily found in the upper respiratory tract. If there are foreign microbial objects obstructing the passageway, these three cells are heavily responsible to repel. Epithelial cells help respond to any injuries or complications within the respiratory tract. How will the injuries affect this area? The first and second arrow causes stress on the trachea when oxygenation is occurring. During the restoration phase of the epithelial layer, the patient will experience heavy agitated coughs. Ciliated goblin, basal cells, and stratified columnar epithelium cells will naturally moisturize the trachea in response to
