CHAPTER ONE
1. During the Paleolithic Age, people began migrating out of Africa. They began migrating out of Africa because they needed to find a new food source. People began moving away from Africa about 750,000 years ago following herds of animals. They followed animals because they needed food.
2. Fire and tools played important roles in adapting to new environments for humans. The discovery of fire and the use of animals skins as clothing both helped humans to survive in colder climates. Tools like the simple hammer made out of stone or animals bone was important because it aided the humans in hunting.
3. The Neolithic Revolution was a time where gender roles changed. In Neolithic villages, religious images were shown of male powerful hunters and female goddess who promoted fertile lands for farming. A man’s role was to hunt and preform heavy labor. A woman’s role was to gather nuts, berries and plants, prepare food, maintain the house and care for the children. Women also had a role in farming. Agriculture required more regular work than hunting did.
4. During the Neolithic Revolution humans settled in the Middle east, India, North Africa and Europe. Places like the Middle east land was very fertile and plants like barley and wild wheat were abundant. Evidence shows that around 9000 BCE, in certain parts of the world, people began very dependent on agriculture. They depended on the regular harvesting of wild grains, berries and nuts. First, accidentally planting plants they began deliberately planting seeds for the regular harvesting of their necessities.
5. Pastoral societies were groups of people that domesticated animals and survived off their domesticated animal’s products (usually milk or eggs because they were much easier to store than meat) and used small-scale agriculture. They didn't participate in the Neolithic Revolution because they didn't settle down in towns and they didn't rely on agriculture. They had to keep moving around constantly for new grazing fields and water sources for their domesticated animals.
CHAPTER TWO
1. Society from the Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty changed and evolved. They both consisted of classes. The Zhou’s classes were the rich landowners in the first class, the working peasants in the second class and the unskilled “mean” people in the third class. The Han society was heavily influenced by the Mandarins (top class, rich aristocrats). Under them were the peasants, who were respected because of their connection they had with farming the land. Under them were the artisans then the merchants.
2. Both the Qin and Han dynasty had successful governments during classical china. The Qin maintained a strong centralized government, ruled by Shi Huang Di and Legalism. While the Han dynasty believed in expanded powers of bureaucracy. Shi Huang Di unified his empire and created and established a single language for china. His government furthered agriculture and promoted irrigation and manufacturing. Shi Huang Di’s attacks on intellectuals and his high taxes made him VERY unpopular. Unlike the Qin the Han realized the importance of a large bureaucracy who assisted the complex state.The Han emperor Wu Ti established civil service exams to select a scholar bureaucrat that would better China. Unlike the Qin the Han supported Confucianism and education. Wu Ti enforced peace. Peace alone brought prosperity to china.
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4. The Han Dynasty was a time of many great technological advancements that bettered their society. For example, around 300 B.C.E, Ox-drawn plows were introduced which increased their productivity. China’s iron mining was also advanced because they used pulleys and gears to bring metal to the surface. Under
