Autism: Mental Retardation and Adaptive Skill Areas Essay

Submitted By ioaname
Words: 1246
Pages: 5
Open Document
Psychiatric Nursing
Autism
Attention Deficit
Hyperactive Disorder
Mental Retardation

General Objectives:
• At the end of the presentation the

viewers will be able to understand about autism, mental retardation and
ADHD.

Specific Objectives:
At end of presentation the viewers will be able to:
• Define what is autism, ADHD and MR.
• Differentiate the mental disorders.
• To know the principles of the disorders. What is autism?
• Autism is a complex developmental

disorder that appears in the first
3yrs. of life (through it may be diagnosed later). It affects the brain’s normal development of social and communication skills.

Alternative Names:
•
•
•
•
•

Autistic disorder
Infantile autism
Autistic-like/ autistic- like tendencies
Pervasive developmental delay
Autism spectrum

Causes: “unknown”
Some combination of the following areas maybe affected in varying degrees. 9. Impairment in communication
-echolalia
-confusion of personal pronouns
-verbal perseveration
-abnormal of prosody
-no meaningful speech in severe cases
2. Impairment in social interaction
- deficient non-verbal forms of social interaction
- withdrawn
-inability to appreciate other emotion

3. Sensory impairment
- hyperactive
- mouthing of object
- heightened or decrease sensitivity
- self-stimulating behaviors (rocks, body, flaps hands, jumps, etc.)
- self-injurious behaviors (head banging, pinches, hits self)
- resistance to change
4. Behavioral problems
- tantrums
- manipulative behavior

Basic principle and management technique:
• Be consistent
• Be firm; use clear rules
• Use appropriate rewards
• Choose priorities
• Use appropriate cues to assist understanding and learning

Signs and symptoms
• Resists normal teaching method
• Inappropriate laughing and giggling
• Echolalia
• Acts as if deaf
• No fear of real dangers
• Apparent insensitivity to pain
• Crying, tantrums, extreme distress for discernible reason
• Spins object
• Not cuddly
• Sustained odd play

• Difficulty mixing with other children
• Resist change in routine
• No eye contact
• Stand-offish manner
• Uneven gross and fine motor skills-

may not to kick ball but can stack blocks • Inappropriate attachment to objects
• Indicate needs by gesture
• Marked physical over activity or extreme passivity

What causes ADHD?
• Exact cause is unknown
• There are implication of:
a. genetics/heredity
b. complication in pregnancy
• exposure to toxins
• Episodes of oxygen deprivation of the fetus
• mothers who smoke during

Problems of inattention
• They appear not to listen when spoken to
• Easily distracted
• Prone to make careless mistakes &

disorganized with school work
• Do not follow direction
• Do not obey
• Find it difficult & unpleasant to finish their school works
• Losing their school books & assignments
• Have trouble sustaining attention in the classroom • Often forgetful in daily activities

Problems in hyperactivity
•
•
•
•

Fidgeting, squirming around when seated
Get up frequently
May talk excessively
Has difficulty playing quietly

Problems in impulsivity
• Often blurts out answers before questions have been completed
• Has difficulty awaiting turn
• Often blurts or intrudes on others (butts into conversation/games) – Furthermore, children with ADHD can present a challenge that puts significant stress on the family, skills training for parents and siblings.

Mental retardation
• An individual is considered to have

mental retardation based on the following 3 criteria: intellectual functioning level (IQ) is below 70-75; significant limitations exist in two or more adaptive skill areas, and the condition is present from childhood
(defined as age 18 or less) (AAMR),
1992)

What are the adaptive skills essential for daily functioning?
Adaptive skill areas are those daily living skills needed to live, work and play in
Show More

Related Documents: Autism: Mental Retardation and Adaptive Skill Areas Essay

Essay on Educating Special Needs Students: I.E. Autism and Other Severe Disabilities

Educating Special Needs Students: I.e. Autism and other Severe Disabilities Timothy E. Jackson SPE -226 Educating the Exceptional Learner February 23, 2011 Professor Rebekah McCarthy This essay is entitled Educating Special Needs Students, the author will discuss and several important issues, which will be the following; the defining of Mental Retardation a term the author despises, Autism, Severe Disabilities and Multiple Disabilities, also their causes, and the impact of these disabilities…

Words 1461 - Pages 6

Abnormal Psychology Paper

others. The DSM-V and ICD-10 are the most widely used systems for categorizing and describing mental health disorders encapsulated within abnormal psychology. In looking at disorders first diagnosed in childhood, my Critical annotation of the book “Abnormal Child Psychology” was focused on developmental and learning disorders. Developmental and learning disorders, captures intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and childhood onset schizophrenia…

Words 989 - Pages 4

Children With Additional Needs

Children with additional needs Autism What is Autism Autism is a lifelong disability that affects a person’s social and communication abilities. People with autism may repeat actions such as lining up objects or have specific interests or thoughts that can dominate their lives. Some people with autism find their sensory world unusual and occasionally anxiety provoking. Autism can come with a range of challenges in making sense of the world but it can also give people advantages, such as in…

Words 1541 - Pages 7

Intellectual Disability Case Study

1.0 INTRODUCTION Intellectual disability is a type of mental disorders that begins before adulthood. It reduced the ability to understand new or complex information, to learn and apply new skills (impaired intelligence) and reduced the ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning) (WHO, 2014). The intellectual disabilities of adolescents are categorized as a mild, moderate, or severe or profound degree depends on IQ assessments (Einfeld et al., 2008). People with intellectual disabilities…

Words 2047 - Pages 9

Definitions Of Disability Categories

1 (zz) – Student with a Disability Effects and component characteristics of the Disability Autism Defined as: a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age 3, that adversely affects a student’s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are: Each of the disorders on the autism spectrum is a neurological disorder that affects a child’s ability to communicate, understand…

Words 2269 - Pages 10

Understanding Prader Essay

(Pascanu et al., 2013, p. 32). Individuals must keep in mind that PWS may share some behavioral similarities with other types of disorders and disabilities. One can see some similarities between PWS and such disorders as obsessive compulsive disorder and autism. The aspect that differentiates it from other disorders is that it is composed of a “unique” combination of behavioral features (Thompson et al., 1996). Characteristics of the Condition Thompson et al. (1996) indicated that there are several…

Words 3543 - Pages 15

Week9 Patho Essay

normal functions Considered to be restricted affect; avolition and asociality Associated with dopamine D1 receptor activity Manifestations include social withdrawal and isolation, dull or blunted emotional affect, poverty of speech, posturing, and autism Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8…

Words 7769 - Pages 32

Essay about A Descriptive Study of the Practice of Music Therapy in Hong Kong

very difficult as music therapy only has a few decades of history. In fact, it is still developing into a discipline and a profession. Although there are many definitions published by music therapy associations and individual therapists in different areas, none of them is thought as a universal definition. According to Brusica (1998), music therapy has different meanings to different people. The term “music” is difficult to define by philosophers, The interdisciplinary psychologists and musicologists…

Words 17366 - Pages 70