Essay about Basic Chemistry

Submitted By sienna207
Words: 1316
Pages: 6
Open Document
Chemistry

MATTER AND ENERGY

Matter- anything that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Energy- the ability to do work

* chemical * electrical * mechanical * radiant

Chemistry

1. science of all the structure and interaction of matter. 2. all living things consist of matter.

Elements- composed of chemically identical atoms

1. bulk elements- required by the body in large amounts 2. trace elements- required by the body in small amounts

Atoms- smallest particle of an element

Mass- amount of matter in any object

HOW MATTER IS ORGANIZED

Weight- the force of gravity acting on matter

Outer space:

1. weight is close to zero 2. mass remains the same as on earth

Elements

* substances that can not be split into simpler substances. * 112 elements (92 occur naturally) * 26 of naturally occuring elemens are in the body * chemical symbols: * * first 1-2 letters of name

* fundamental units of matter * 96% of the body is made from four elements

Atoms- building bocks of elements

* smallest units of element or mattetr * 3 types of subatomic particles: * 1. protons = + charge 2. neutrons = no charge 3. electrons = - charge

98.5% of the total body weight is formed by 2 elements : calcium and phosphorus

ELECTRONS AND BONDING

Electrons occupy energy levels called electron shells

Electrons closest to the nucleus are the most strongly attracted

Each shell has distinct properties

* The number of electrons has an upper limit * Shells closest to the nucleus fill first

INERT ELEMENTS

Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their outermost orbitals and reach a stable state

Rule of eights:

* Atoms are considered stable when their outermost orbital has 8 electrons * The exception to this rule of eights is: * * Shell 1=holds only 2 electrons

Atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell is complete

HOW TO FILL THE ATOM'S SHELLS

* Shell 1 can hold a maximum of 2 electrons * Shell 2 can hold a max of 8 electrons * Shell 3 can hold a maximum of 18 electrons

IDENTIFYING ELEMENTS

Atomic number:

1. number of protons = the number of electrons

Atomic mass number

1. sum of the protons + neutrons

Isotopes

* Have the same number of protons and atomic number * different number of neutrons

Atomic weight

* Close to mass number of most abundant isotope * Atomic weight reflects natural isotope variation

Radioisotope

* Heavy isotope * tends to be unstable nucleus decay over time * decomposes to more stable isotope

Radioactivity

* process of spontaneous atomic decay

ISOTOPES : RADIATION

Effects of Radiation

1. Release small amounts of radiation naturally 2. Radon-222 gas seeps from the soil 3. increase cancer risk

Helpful

1. medical imaging 2. treating cancer

IONS, MOLECULES, AND COMPOUNDS

Ions

1. formed by ionization 2. atoms that gave p or gained an electron 3. written with its chemical symbol (+) or (-)

Molecule

1. two or more atoms of the same elements combined chemically 2. share electrons

Compound

1. two or more atoms of different elements combined chemically 2. atoms with the same element

Molecule

1. written as molecular formula:

1. shows the number of atoms of each element

2. examples

1. water (H2O) 2. sodium chloride (NaCl)

STRUCTURAL FORMULA

H H \ / O=C=O O H2O CO2

FREE RADICALS

Electrical charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell

Unstable and highly reactive

Can be stable:

1. by giving up electron taking one off another molecule

Produced in your body by absorption of energy in ultraviolet light in sunlight, x-rays

Linked to many diseases -- cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer, atherosclerosis and arthritis.

Damage may be slowed with antioxidants

1. vitamins C
Show More

Related Documents: Essay about Basic Chemistry

Basic Chemistry For Investigating Living Systems

LABORATORY 3: LABORATORY 3: Basic Chemistry for Investigating Living Systems Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to explain how colorimetry can be used to qualitatively detect cellular chemical components; to chemically differentiate between proteins, sugars, starches, and lipids; to identify the roles of molecular components in living systems; to comprehend the value of using a systematic approach to research; and to describe why hypotheses, controls, standards, and quality control…

Words 7873 - Pages 32

Sample Resume: Forensic Scientist

of Science in Chemistry, May 2013 Relative Course work: Biochemistry I Physical Chemistry 1&2 Polymer Chemistry Physics 1&2 Analytical Chemistry 1&2 Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry 1&2 Differential Equation Instrumental Design Crystallography & Diffraction Investigative Chemistry Inorganic Synthesis LABORTARY SKILLS: Solid Phase Extraction, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Tecan TECHNICAL SKILLS Basic knowledge in…

Words 381 - Pages 2

Chemistry Studies Essay

Chemistry Studies By Shomari Francis In our class we have been studying chemistry, there are five main different chemistry studies. Those chemistry studies are: combustion and photosynthesis, the pH studies, structure of matter, periodic table, and the limestone cycle. Here is a summary on In the beginning of our chemistry studies we were working on combustion and photosynthesis. In this study we burned a variety of plant materials; as a result we created combustion. In…

Words 363 - Pages 2

Mass Spectrometry Report Essay

three common states of matter and it is essential for all life on Earth.[4] Water usually makes up 55% to 78% of the human body.[5] In keeping with the basic rules of chemical nomenclature, water would have a systematic name of dihydrogen monoxide,[6] but this is not among the names published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry[7] and, rather than being used in a chemical context, the name is almost exclusively used as a humorous way to refer to water. Water (H2O) is the most…

Words 2780 - Pages 12

Essay on Biology Notes

Science Chapter 1 Basic Chemistry: *Mass a anything that has mass and takes up space -All matter is composed of elements *Element -substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Ex: oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon -each element has a set of properties that distinguish it from others *Atom is the smallest particles of an element, basic building block of life *Atom Structure: -Nucleus: Protons= postive charge Neutrons=no charge -Surrounds nucleus: Electrons=negative…

Words 496 - Pages 2

Importance of Chemistry in Daily Life Essay

Importance of chemistry in our daily life Importance of chemistry in our daily life Everything is made of chemicals. Many of the changes we observe in the world around we see that caused by chemical reactions. Chemistry is very important because it helps us to know the composition, structure& changes of matter. All the matters are made up of chemistry. In our every day like various chemical are being used in various from, some of those are being used as food, some of those used…

Words 962 - Pages 4

Questions On Chemistry

1.2 Chemistry and You > Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry 1.1 The Scope of Chemistry 1.2 Chemistry and You 1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist 1.4 Problem Solving in Chemistry 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 1.2 Chemistry and You > CHEMISTRY & YOU How is chemistry used to study worlds other than your own? Scientists who know chemistry have used the Hubble Space Telescope to discover water and compounds containing carbon on a planet located 63 light…

Words 2293 - Pages 10

Lavoisier: Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier Essay

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier By: Kimberly Howard Bailee Burleson Megan Wilhelmson Chemistry 1st Block Ms. Davidson January 24th, 2014 Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry, was born August 13th, 1743 in Paris, France. When Lavoisier’s mother died, he became very wealthy and inherited a large family fortune at age five. Being the son of an attorney of the Parliament of Paris, he was bound to enter law school…

Words 752 - Pages 4

Lab Report 1 Essay

Title: General Laboratory Procedures Abstract: The purpose of the experiment was to introduce the chemistry student to basic laboratory procedures and demonstrate working knowledge of the equipment used and all safety rules. A 20cm piece of glass tubing was broken and heated for 28 seconds until it was bent into a 90 degree angle. A beaker was filled with 250mL of water with an initial temperature of 22 degrees Celsius. The water was then boiled and the temperature was reported to be 103 degrees…

Words 391 - Pages 2

Anorexia: Nutrition and Food Scientist Essay

maintaining the nation’s food supply. You could work in the basic or applied research and development section of this job. In basic research you would study the biological and chemical processes of how crops and livestock grow. Many agricultural and food scientist work with little supervision. They often lead teams of technicians or students who are interested in going into the field. For this job you would need a degree that is related to biology, chemistry, or physics. Undergraduate courses for agricultural…

Words 429 - Pages 2