Bone Notes Essay

Submitted By herrren
Words: 1389
Pages: 6
Open Document
BONE MASS THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
-up to age 20 - active bone growth
-mid 20s-30 = peak
-mid 30s - begin to lose bone mass
-women lose more becasue of menopause -follicles desintegrating rapidly and become insensitive to hormones -not making estrodiol or progesterone -lose 1% per year
BONE REMODELING
-osteoclasts dissolve bone
-osteoblasts lay down protein and then minerals bind to proteins to make bone hard -calcium, phosphorus adhere to protein matrix layed down by osteoblasts -takes months to make new bone -osteoblasts change after protein is laid down -migrate inside bone and put out 'tentacles' - extend out osteocytes -osteocytes derived from osteoblasts -detect any force exerted on the bone (ex. running) -stimulate bone formation/increase/maintain bone density -not actually involved in bone remodeling -most cells in bones are osteocytes
-bone is not like skin in that new cells replace old cells
-happens in little pockets/individual units (not across whole bone)
-completely replace bone in 10 years*** -constantly breaking down and making bone -very dynamic process -as you get older, bone resorption increases while bone formation decreases
-teeth not included in this process
OSTEOPOROSIS
-bone loss with age
-seen especially with white women
-25 million people affected
-due to loss of estrogen and/or inadequate intake of calcium -also maybe not getting enough vitamin D
-bones become more porous
-become susceptible to fractures
-estrogen has positive effect on bones; keeps them dense* -when you lose estrogen, don't have that protection
RISK FACTORS - NON MODIFIABLE (can't do anything about them)
-older age - strongest predictor -if men get it, is after 75
-female
-women have 40% chance, men have 13%
-early menopause = lower bone density earlier, continue losing bone
-race - white women -black women have more dense bones
-genetics
-family history
RISK FACTORS - MODIFIABLE
-body weight -weigh 127 or lower, increased risk -high body fat will sequester the vitamin D they're making and render it unavailable for activation -women who are very thin don't make as much estrogen, need fat, more susceptible
-important to do weight bearing exercises to maintain bone density
-nutrient intake - get enough calcium in the diet, at least get RDA for your age group -need more calcium around postmenopause
-smoking -> low body weight -smoking can damage osteoblasts
-high caffeine intake - drinking coffee instead of milk, low bone density
-alcohol abuse - excrete calcium and magnesium more
-some medications -thyroid hormone - at increased risk -anticoagulants - heart patients -corticosteroids - some kind of autoimmune problem -antidepressants - seratonin uptake inhibitors?
CHART
-woman A has higher bone density than B during adulthood
-start losing gradually at first, then menopause
-woman A had no problem because she started with a lot of bone mass
-dangerzone = osteopenia (not osteoporosis, but less than desired)
-arounnd age 70 has osteoporosis

-1 out of 2 white women will experience some kind of osteoporatic fracture sometime during her life
-as age increases, so does risk of osteoporosis
BONE DENSITOMETRY
-DEXA scan used for determining body fat, but also bone density -dual energy x-ay absorptiometry
-sit there from 10-20 minutes, get a T-score -lower T-score, more likely to get a fracture
-best way to measure
-trabecular bone is inside bone
-cortical bone is stronger, along edges
-lose more trabecular bone than cortical
T-score is expressed as standard deviations above or below the mean healthy person at age 30 -everyone compared against that -above and
Show More

Related Documents: Bone Notes Essay

Bio175Exam2 StudyGuide Essays

Bio175 Exam 2 Study Guide Notes: Overview of Bones Name the two divisions of the skeletal system and identify bones belonging to each of those divisions. The axial which consists of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular which consists of the upper and lower limbs as well as our girdles. Describe the functions of the skeletal system. Support- forms internal framework, supports and anchors soft organs, legs support body trunk, and the rib cage supports thoracic wall. Protection-…

Words 1526 - Pages 7

Chapter 5: Integumentary System-Burns And The Rule Of Nines

Anterior & Posterior thighs, legs, & feet 36% Chapter 6: Bone Tissue – Fracture and Repair of Bone A fracture is a break in a bone. Many different types of fractures may occur. The healing process involves 3 different phases in 4 steps. The reactive phase which is an early inflammatory phase (hematoma). The reparative phase which includes the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus first and a bony callus second. And the bone remodeling phase is the last step as the bony callus is remodeled…

Words 1341 - Pages 6

Anatomy: Pelvis and Phalanx Distal Phalanx Essay

2. facial bones 3. paranasal sinuses 4. sutures: coronal sagittal lambdoid squamous 5. fontanels (“soft spots”): anterior posterior sphenoidal mastoid B. Cranium - eight bones surround brain 1. frontal bone forehead supraorbital margin frontal sinuses 2. parietal bones (2) 3. temporal bones (2)…

Words 1594 - Pages 7

Bones Skeletons Book Report

S. (2010) Bones: skeletons and how they work. New York: Scholastic Press. Summary: Jenkins' book Bones: Skeletons and how they work teaches children about bones by seeing the differences between human and animal bones. He also explains how the different skeletons work. Jenkin’s explains how different animals have all have different skeletons which are made for either running fast or flying. At the end of the book he includes a two pages with all 260 adult human bones laid out. Notes: I really…

Words 735 - Pages 3

Connective Tissue and Simple Columnar Epithelium Essay example

human design. In this course, you will examine the four main classifications of tissue – epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous – in more detail as we examine their specific role in human body systems. This activity will provide an introduction to bone, muscle and fat, all types of tissue that contribute to the framework of the human body. Today, you will begin to use clay to give your Maniken® an identity. As you learn to work with the clay and sculpt the cheeks, the eyes and the mouth, your…

Words 1090 - Pages 5

Essay about Pd Final

1. Major Bones, Muscles, Joints and Joint Actions Involved Bones The major bones involved in the golf swing are as follows: ➢ Scapula (shoulder bone) ➢ Humerus (upper arm) ➢ Carpals (wrist) ➢ Tibia / Fibula (lower leg) ➢ Radius (lower arm) ➢ Vertebral Column ➢ Ulna (lower arm) ➢ Femur (upper leg) Most of these bones are located around the arm, hand or shoulder region. However, there are still…

Words 1790 - Pages 8

Biology: Knee and Synovial Joints Essay

types of joints and the movement allowed due to the nature of the joints • Part B: – Understanding different types of levers (time to brush up on your physics!) JOINTS Joints • A union point between two bones • In the skeletal system, joints exists between all bones • The movement (from none to free) of a joint is referred to as “articulation” • Generally classified by function and structure Joint classification by function • functional classification refers to the degree…

Words 1537 - Pages 7

Osteoporosis and Peak Bone Density Essay

the density of bone, decreasing its strength and resulting in fragile bones. Osteoporosis literally leads to abnormally porous bone that is compressible, like a sponge. This disorder of the skeleton weakens the bone and results in frequent fractures (breaks) in the bones. Osteopenia is a condition of bone that is slightly less dense than normal bone but not to the degree of bone in osteoporosis. Normal bone is composed of protein, collagen, and calcium, all of which give bone its strength…

Words 1022 - Pages 5

ant3520 final Essay

ANT3520 Final Paper 1693-5349 Bones: Forensic Anthropologist For my final paper, I’ve decided to write about the pilot episode of Bones. In this episode, the audience is introduced to Dr. Temperance Brennan, a forensic anthropologist who is quirky, brutally honest, and super good at her job. She is called upon by agent Booth of the FBI in order to solve a murder. Agent Booth knows how good Dr. Brennan is at analyzing remains and has nicknamed Dr. Brennan “Bones.” After convincing her to…

Words 2241 - Pages 9

Gr.10 biology Essay

Biology Notes: 1. Cell Theory: -all living things are made up of cells -the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life -all cells arise from pre-existing cells 2. Classification of Cell: Prokaryotic Cells -small -simple structure, no membrane-bound organelles -single-cells organisms -tangled/coiled DNA, no nucleus -can often survive without oxygen Eukaryotic Cells -larger -complex structure, with membrane-bound organelles -unicellular or multicellular organisms…

Words 783 - Pages 4