Cell and Genetic Material Essay

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Section 26-1
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. single-celled members of the kingdom Protista that are able to move independently

2. a membrane-bound chamber that contains digestive enzymes inside a cell

3. a form of cell division that produces a number of identical individuals

4. a localized region of pigment that can detect changes in the quantity and quality of light

5. a dormant form of an organism with a hardened external covering

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. d
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. b

SHORT ANSWER
1. Zooplankton are found in aquatic ecosystems; they constitute one of the primary sources of energy in such ecosystems.

2. malaria, amebic dysentery, trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Chagas’ disease, leishmaniasis, giardiasis, and toxoplasmosis

3. nutrient deficiency, drought, decreased oxygen concentration, pH change, and temperature change

4. Since protozoa are eukaryotes, their chromosomes are contained inside a nucleus, which must break down and then reform for conjugation to occur. Bacteria lack a nucleus, so division and exchange of genetic material is simpler in them.
5. Protozoa are unicellular and are separated from their environment only by their cell membrane. For protozoa to be metabolically active, the cell membrane must be in contact with water.

STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
1. locomotion; sweep food into the mouth pore
2. digestion of food particles;
3. locomotion;
4. detection of light;
5. locomotion and food capture
Section 26-2
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. Both are parts of a sarcodine’s cytoplasm. The endoplasm is the inner portion, and the ectoplasm is the outer layer.

2. Both are openings on the surface of a paramecium. Food enters the gullet through the mouth pore, and undigested food molecules are expelled through the anal pore.

3. Both contain DNA. The macronucleus is large, contains multiple copies of DNA, and is responsible for metabolic functions, and the micronucleus is small and participates in the exchange of genetic

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