chapter 1 Essay

Submitted By lindsaybrooke
Words: 2439
Pages: 10
Open Document
Abnormal Psychology in a Changing
World

Eighth Edition

Jeffrey S. Nevid/Spencer A. Rathus/Beverly Greene

Chapter 1
Introduction and Methods of Research
Prepared by:
Ashlea R. Smith, PhD
Argosy University-Phoenix

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
-any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
-preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
-any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

How do we define abnormal behavior?
• Psychological disorder – Abnormal behavior pattern that involves a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior.
• Abnormal psychology – The branch of psychology that deals with the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns.
• Medical model – A biological perspective in which abnormal behavior is viewed as symptomatic of underlying illness.
Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Lifetime and Past-Year Prevalence of
Psychological Disorders

Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

How do we define abnormal behavior?
• Criteria for Determining Abnormality
1. Unusualness
2. Social deviance
3. Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality
4. Significant personal distress
5. Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior
6. Dangerousness

Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Cultural Bases of Abnormal Behavior
• Behavior that is normal in one culture may be deemed abnormal in another.
• The standards we use in making judgments of abnormal behavior must take into account cultural norms.
• Traditional Native American cultures distinguish between illnesses that are believed to arise from influences outside the culture, called “White man’s sicknesses,” such as alcoholism and drug addiction, from those that emanate from a lack of harmony with traditional tribal life and thought, which are called “Indian sicknesses” (Trimble, 1991).
Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Historical Perspectives on Abnormal
Behavior

Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

The Demonological Model
• Trephination – A harsh, prehistoric practice of cutting a hole in a person’s skull, possibly in an attempt to release demons.
• The notion of supernatural causes of abnormal behavior, or demonology, was prominent in Western society until the Age of Enlightenment.
• In ancient Greece, people who behaved abnormally were sent to temples dedicated to Aesculapius, the god of healing.
• Incurables were driven from the temple by stoning.

Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Origins of the Medical Model: In “Ill
Humor”
• Humors – According to the ancient Hippocratic belief system, the vital bodily fluids (phlegm, black bile, blood, yellow bile).
• An imbalance of humors, he thought, accounted for abnormal behavior.
• A lethargic or sluggish person was believed to have an excess of phlegm, from which we derive the word phlegmatic.
• An overabundance of black bile was believed to cause depression, or melancholia. • An excess of blood created a sanguine disposition: cheerful, confident, and optimistic. An excess of yellow bile made people “bilious” and choleric—quick-tempered, that is.

Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Medieval Times
• Belief in supernatural causes led to beliefs that abnormal behaviors were a sign of possession by evil spirits or the devil.
• This belief was part of the teachings of the
Roman Catholic Church, the central institution in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire.
• The
Show More

Related Documents: chapter 1 Essay

Chapter 7 Of The Chapter Of Chapter In Chapter 1

Vanessa Flores! Professor Doxey! College One! October 28, 2014! RRJ 9 Chapter 7! 1. In chapter 7 we actually meet and get to know Angie who introduces us to her then best friend, Duchess, who reminded her of Gwen Stefani. They both met in an alley way during a quinceanera. They both do not take a liking to quinceaneras because they are pointless so Angie told her mother, Cristina, she is a lesbian. We discover that Duchess was best friends with Aurora in elementary school until she started changing…

Words 655 - Pages 3

chapter 1 essay 1

Tyra Garrett Psy 2012 Prof. Smith February 5, 2015 Essay 1 Chapter 1 The seven major perspectives are biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, and evolutionary and last sociocultural. They all allow psychologist to understand behavior and mental processes. Biological approach is where phycologist focus on the brain and the nervous system basically the body. The behavioral approach focuses on observing behavior. The psychodynamic approach emphasizes on unconscious thought…

Words 451 - Pages 2

Essay on chapter 1

Shahin Fattahian Acct – 205 Homework Chapters 1 & 2 1-4) a) As of September 30th 2014, 526 foreign companies are on the NYSE per the link below, from 47 different countries. https://www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/listing/CurListofallStocks.pdf b) Per link above, the 5 countries with the largest number of foreign companies on the NYSE are: Canada (150), China (72), Brazil (26), U.K. (32), and Bermuda (22). c) The US is the largest economy in the world with the largest stock market, including…

Words 541 - Pages 3

Chapter 1 Essay

Washington in private jets to ask for handouts from taxpayers. But did they cause the global financial crisis? 1 Getting Started When you have completed your study of this chapter, you will be able to 1 CHAPTER CHECKLIST 1.1 DEFINITION AND QUESTIONS All economic questions and problems arise because human wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them.  Scarcity 1 Define economics and explain the questions that economists try to answer. 2 Explain the core ideas that define…

Words 1356 - Pages 6

Chapter 1 Essay

Chapter 1 #4 (a) Review & membership PMI is the world's leading not-for -profit professional membership association for the project, program and portfolio management profession. PMI involves in nearly every country in the world through global advocacy, collaboration, education and research. PMI is founded in 1969 and currently deliver more than 2.9 million professionals. HIS (Human Systems Internationals) provides benchmarking services to leading business and government as part of PMI family. As…

Words 804 - Pages 4

chapter 1 Essay

After Reading the chapter-- Focus on the opening story Titled" Apple and Steve Jobs: Business Leadership as Art. Written Assignment Questions: 1. How true are the statements in the story? Give one example to support your response. The statements in this story are very true. For example “Jobs was passionately committed to innovation.” He didn’t stop at making one generation of productions, he succeeded to making many. He made his technology very simple to ensure consumers would buy it. He made…

Words 467 - Pages 2

Chapter 1 essays

Andrea Williams Marriage and Family Internet Course Chapter 1 Essay 3. The “golden age” of the family did not ever really exist in all families. There has always been conflict and troubles. There was and is really no such thing as a perfect family. We all have our troubles, conflicts and ways of dealing with them and coping with them differently. The difference between back then and now is that people are more open about their troubles or conflicts then they were back then. In the U.S. Colonial…

Words 808 - Pages 4

Chapter 1 Essay

INTB 311 Diversity & Intercultural Communication Chapter 1: Culture B AC K S TAG E , O N S TAG E , C U LT U R E S H O C K , R E V E R S E C U LT U R E S H O C K , G E N E RA L I Z AT I O N S , S T E R E O T Y P E S , BIAS, PREJUDICE, ETHNOCENTRISM, ASSUMPTION OF SUPERIORITY, ASSUMPTION OF UNIVERSALITY, SELFR E F E R E N C E C R I T E R I A , C U LT U RA L I N T E L L I G E N C E . INTB 311 Diversity & Intercultural Communication Culture & Communication Why is understanding culture important…

Words 1588 - Pages 7

Nt1430 Chapter 1

NT1430 LINUX Chapter’s 1 / 2 / 3 and 11 Jason Houlden Chapter 1: #1, 4: The code is available free of cost no charge for the software, source, documentation, orsupport.3 Characteristics would be that you are free to study it, redistribute it, and modify it. The Free Software Foundation is the principal sponsor of the GNU Project. GNU developed many of the tools, which are part of the GNU/Linux Operating System. Linux is the name of an operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds and expanded…

Words 370 - Pages 2

Principles 1 Chapter 1 1 Essay

prepared to work and to study REGULARLY. Dr. Ziska Chapter 1 Life: Chemical, Cellular and Evolutionary Foundations CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE/CORE CONCEPTS 1.1 The Scientific Method The scientific method is a deliberate way of asking and answering questions about the natural world. 1.2 Chemical and Physical Principles Life works according to fundamental principles of chemistry and physics. 1.3 The Cell The fundamental unit of life is the cell. CHAPTER OUTLINE/CORE CONCEPTS 1.4 Evolution Evolution explains…

Words 3123 - Pages 13