Chapter 11 Cns Essays

Submitted By Sobrien1
Words: 992
Pages: 4
Open Document
Central Nervous System (CNS)
•CNS – composed of the brain and spinal cord
•Cephalization
–Elaboration of the anterior portion of the CNS
–Increase in number of neurons in the head
–Highest level is reached in the human brain
Loading...
The Brain
•Composed of wrinkled, pinkish gray tissue
•Surface anatomy includes cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem
Embryonic Development
•During the first 26 days of development:
–Ectoderm thickens along dorsal midline to form the neural plate
–The neural plate invaginates, forming a groove flanked by neural folds
–The neural groove fuses dorsally and forms the neural tube
Loading...
Surface ectoderm

(a) 19 days

(b) 20 days

(c) 22 days

(d) 26 days
Neural folds
Neural crest
Surface ectoderm

Neural groove

Neural tube

Anterior (rostral) end
Embryonic Development
Figure 12.1
Level of section

Neural plate

Primary Brain Vesicles
•The anterior end of the neural tube expands and constricts to form the three primary brain vesicles
–Prosencephalon – the forebrain
–Mesencephalon – the midbrain
–Rhombencephalon – hindbrain
Neural Tube and Primary Brain Vesicles
Figure 12.2a, b

Secondary Brain Vesicles
•In week 5 of embryonic development, secondary brain vesicles form
–Telencephalon and diencephalon arise from the forebrain
–Mesencephalon remains undivided
–Metencephalon and myelencephalon arise from the hindbrain
Secondary Brain Vesicles
Figure 12.2c

Adult Brain Structures
•Fates of the secondary brain vesicles:
–Telencephalon – cerebrum: cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei
–Diencephalon – thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
–Mesencephalon – brain stem: midbrain
–Metencephalon – brain stem: pons
–Myelencephalon – brain stem: medulla oblongata
Loading...
Adult Neural Canal Regions
Figure 12.2c, d

Adult Neural Canal Regions
•Adult structures derived from the neural canal
–Telencephalon – lateral ventricles
–Diencephalon – third ventricle
–Mesencephalon – cerebral aqueduct
–Metencephalon and myelencephalon – fourth ventricle
Adult Neural Canal Regions
Figure 12.2c, e

Space Restriction and Brain Development
Figure 12.3

Basic Pattern of the
Central Nervous System
•Spinal Cord
–Central cavity surrounded by a gray matter core
–External to which is white matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts
•Brain
–Similar to spinal cord but with additional areas of gray matter
–Cerebellum has gray matter in nuclei
–Cerebrum has nuclei and additional gray matter in the cortex
Basic Pattern of the Central Nervous System
Figure 12.4

Ventricles of the Brain
•Arise from expansion of the lumen of the neural tube
•The ventricles are:
–The paired C-shaped lateral ventricles
–The third ventricle found in the diencephalon
–The fourth ventricle found in the hindbrain dorsal to the pons
Ventricles of the Brain
Figure 12.5

Cerebral Hemispheres
•Form the superior part of the brain and make up 83% of its mass
•Contain ridges (gyri) and shallow grooves (sulci)
•Contain deep grooves called fissures
•Are separated by the longitudinal fissure
•Have three basic regions: cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei
•Deep sulci divide the hemispheres into five lobes:
–Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula
•Central sulcus – separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Major Lobes, Gyri, and Sulci of the Cerebral Hemisphere
•Parieto-occipital sulcus – separates the parietal and occipital lobes
•Lateral sulcus – separates the parietal and temporal lobes
•The precentral and postcentral gyri border the central sulcus

Major Lobes, Gyri, and Sulci of the Cerebral Hemisphere
Cerebral Cortex
•The cortex – superficial gray matter; accounts for 40% of the mass of the brain
•It enables sensation, communication, memory, understanding, and voluntary movements
•Each hemisphere acts contralaterally (controls the opposite side of the body)
•Hemispheres are not equal in function
•No functional area
Show More

Related Documents: Chapter 11 Cns Essays

Essay on Employment Relations

| | |Using text book (Loudoun, Mcphail and Wilkinson, 2009, chapter 11) to introduce |Loudoun, Mcphail and | | |the background of what is Occupation Health and Safety (OHS); Why OHS become a |Wilkinson, 2009, chapter | | |very serious issue for the workplace; How it influence the workplace; By using |11 | | |Australian hospitality industry as…

Words 730 - Pages 3

Essay on Neuron: Neuron and Spinal Cord

Chapter 11 Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Functions of the nervous system – The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body. Sensory input - gathered information of sensory receptors, used by the Nervous System to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body. Integration - this is when the nervous system processes and interprets sensory output. As well as decides what should be done at each moment. Motor output - response caused…

Words 1256 - Pages 6

Genes That Tend To Be Inherited Together Are Called?

Chapter 15 RQ 1. What are genes located on a sex chromosome called? 2. In fruit flies, what do we call the normal phenotype for a character? 3. Genes that tend to be inherited together are called what? 4. What is nondisjunction? 5. How do people have Down Syndrome? 1. Describe the contributions that Thomas Hunt Morgan, Walter Sutton, and A.H. Sturtevant made to current understanding of chromosomal inheritance. • Morgan  selected Drosophila as organism - proposed linkage (characteristics are inherited…

Words 1081 - Pages 5

Essay on Bio nervous system vocabulary

Matthew Samilow Chapter 28 Nervous System Vocabulary 1) Neuron – Nerve cells that transmit signals from one location in the body to another. 2) CNS – Abbreviation for the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord. 3) PNS – Abbreviation for peripheral nervous system, which is predominately made f of nerves which carry signal into and out of the CNS. 4) Nerve – A nerve is a connection line that consists of neurons tightly wrapped in connective tissue. 5) Ganglia – Ganglia…

Words 882 - Pages 4

Anatomy Clinical Points Test 5 Essay

Clinical Points CHAPTER 5 Cysts: Non-neoplastic ovarian cysts are the most common cause of ovarian enlargement, though luteal cysts are the most common cause of ovarian enlargement during pregnancy. Follicular cysts are unruptured follicles that may cause abdominal pan when ruptured. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome): The most common female endocrine disorder, affecting approximately 5%-10% of all females. It is a hormonal disorder (increased LH and androgens and decreased…

Words 1307 - Pages 6

Essay on solutions manual chapter 9

CHAPTER 9 COVALENT BONDING: ORBITALS Questions 9. In hybrid orbital theory, some or all of the valence atomic orbitals of the central atom in a molecule are mixed together to form hybrid orbitals; these hybrid orbitals point to where the bonded atoms and lone pairs are oriented. The sigma bonds are formed from the hybrid orbitals overlapping head to head with an appropriate orbital from the bonded atom. The π bonds, in hybrid orbital theory, are formed from unhybridized p atomic orbitals. The p…

Words 9841 - Pages 40

Essay on Ch 17 Notes

Chapter 17 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY EMBED ChemDraw.Document.5.0 The new nucleus formed is that of Thorium (Th) with 2 fewer protons. Different forms of radiation may be emitted from an unstable radioactive nucleus. 2. Types of radiation -Beta particles are therefore high-speed electrons emitted from the nuclei and, since these are electrons, beta particles have a negative charge and a small mass (0 amu). Beta particles may travel far (2 - 3 m through air). Heavy clothing or one-inch thick wood can…

Words 466 - Pages 2

Genetics Vocav Essays

Exam 2 Vocabulary Chapter 11 Arteriosclerosis- a disease in which blood flow is restricted because the walls of arteries harden and lose their elasticity Atherosclerosis- a disease in which blood flow is restricted because of buildup of fatty deposits inside the arteries Carbon Monoxide- an extremely toxic gas that prevents blood cells from carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body Carcinomas- cancerous tumors or growths Chronic Bronchitis- a respiratory disease involving inflammation…

Words 1131 - Pages 5

1st Midterm Study Guide Essay

Midterm 1 Study Guide: Chapters 1-10 Chapter One: Origins * Shamans- people who cultivate connection with inner recesses to facilitate healing and divination * Hallucination- comes from “hallucinare”; to wander in the mind; a perceptual experience in the absence of an external stimulus * Hallucinogen- something that induces hallucinations * A Space Odyssey- by Stanley Kubrick; movie about the first animals and hominids about 5 million years back * Hominids- group of primates…

Words 6929 - Pages 28

Critical Analysis Essay

Chapter 10 The Mind of a Terrorist: Why do They Hate Summary and Overview | This chapter introduces section III which provides more detailed information on the nature of manmade and natural threats facing the homeland security enterprise. This chapter is significantly updated from the first edition, reflecting the current debates over the nature of terrorist activity. For many people, terrorism is easier to recognize than define, yet is definition carries crucial policy implications. However…

Words 1273 - Pages 6