Chapter 8 Essay

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Heart Disease and
Stroke
Chapter Eight

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

Coronary heart disease is an equal opportunity affliction. In fact, more women than men die from heart disease, and the same is true for stroke.
American Heart Association

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

2

Chapter 8
Learning outcomes; students will be able to:

Identify the symptoms related to heart attack and stroke.
Identify the different high-risk behaviors involved in an increased probability of developing coronary heart disease and stroke
Identify different types of intervention © 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Explain how a person’s life style could contribute to the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke
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Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke
(overview)
• Cardiovascular disease

• Coronary heart disease
• Stroke

• Symptoms

• Heart attack alert
• Stroke alert
• Act in an emergency

• Risk factors
•
•
•
•
•

Cigarette smoking
High blood pressure
High blood cholesterol
Physical inactivity, obesity, and diabetes
Other risk factors

• Interventions

• Behavioral approach
• Pharmacological approach
• Surgical approach

• Prevention

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

4

Cardiovascular disease

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
•
•
•
•

Congestive heart failure
High blood pressure / Hypertension
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Atherosclerosis
• Inner layers of the arteries become irregular and thick due to the accumulation of plaque

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

5

Cardiovascular disease

• Coronary heart disease (CHD)
• A condition where the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked
• Heart attack
• Tissue death (infarction) to part of the heart muscle (myocardium) due to insufficient blood flow

• Angina
• Chest pain or discomfort caused by restricted blood supply to the heart

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

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Clogged Artery

Atherosclerosis
• Plaque is not distributed equally but irregular and scattered.
© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

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Cardiovascular disease

• Stroke or “Brain Attack”
• Brain cell injury due to blockage or
•

rupture of blood vessels
Due to arthrosclerosis
• Ischemic stroke
– Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA or mini stroke) • Hemorrhagic strokes

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

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Symptoms—Heart Attack

• Heart attack alert (know the signs) • Chest discomfort or pain
• Discomfort in one or both arms,

•
•

back, neck, jaw, or stomach
Shortness of breath
Cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

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Symptoms—Stroke
SUDDEN
•Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg usually on one side of the body
•Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
•Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
•Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination •Severe headaches with no known cause

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

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Act in an emergency
• The sooner the care, the lower the
•

risk of death
CALL 911! Be prepared to answer these questions.
• What are the symptoms?
• When did the symptoms begin?
• Does the person have any medical

•

conditions?
What drugs, if any, does the person take? © 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

11

Act in an emergency
• CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) • 2010 American Heart Association changed the guidelines and rearranged the steps from ABC to
CAB

•

– C—compression
– A—airway
– B—breathing
New guidelines apply to infants, adults, and children

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

12

New CPR Guidelines

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

13

Automated External Defibrillators
(AED)
• Smart devices that automatically diagnose abnormal heart rhythm
• Provide necessary shock as appropriate
•
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