Essay about Communication and Primacy Effect Results

Submitted By Wangjianlong1
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Primacy&recency effcet
Primacy and recency are terms used in psychology to describe the effect of order of presentation on memory. The primacy effect results in information presented earlier being better remembered than information presented later on. effect: The recency effect results in better recall of the most recent information presented. ex: On TV game shows where people can win everything in a list of items they see, they usually at least remember the first few items.
Actor- observer Bias
Actor- observer bias refers to the tendency of an individual to regard situations in which he or she is involved as caused by external factors, and to regard situations he or she observes as caused by the actions of those involved.

ex: individuals with negative experiences tend to blame the situation for the outcome rather than thinking introspectively

Nonverbal communication nonverbal communication involvs those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source [speaker] and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver (Samovar et al). Basically it is sending and receiving messages in a variety of ways without the use of verbal codes (words). It is both intentional and unintentional. Most speakers /listeners are not conscious of this. effect * Repeat the message your words are saying * Contradict what your words are saying * Be a substitution for your verbal