First of all, people ’s ability of trusting others could be affected by traumatic experiences because of the betrayal by the person they trust makes they could not trust anyone else. The lack of trust, which caused by trauma, its causes and developments are not completely depend on one specific event. And usually in our life, accepting excessive influence of negative emotion or prolonged public rumor would increasingly apparent manifest the symptom in one individual. In Cathy Caruth’s article “Trauma and experience”, she writes that “If PTSD must be understood as a pathological symptom, then it is not so much a symptom of the unconscious, as it is a symptom of history. The traumatized, we might say, carry an impossible history within them, or they become themselves the symptom of a history that they…show more content… After his father saw the letter from his nephew and decided to get on the train to Katowice, then he got betrayed by the Polish people and was caught by the Germans “We traveled less than an hour till we came to Bielsko-Biala. Here I used to have my factory and here the Smugglers Disappeared.” (Spiegelman, 155) And such a betrayal, which made him suffer for a series of pain, he shall never easily trust anyone again; perhaps he might initiate a thought that trust himself should be the safest thing. The idealism that he had increased the distrust in the people around him. For instance, Valadek began to doubt Mala about the reason she would marry him was only for his money; also, he never opened his heart to Malaya to talk about this problem; On the other side, Valadek burned all Anja’s letters, which are for Art about the experience she had during the war, and tried to hide something from the light. These behaviors also made Art conceive distrust in his father and could not help accusing him as a murder. The rift between father and son also shows that the reason of generating such
