Drinking Age Essay

Plantar fasciitis is a common foot injury that affects millions of people every year. Plantar fasciitis is a catchall term used to describe pain in the arch and heel of the foot (1.) The pain and discomfort that one feels from this condition can have a big impact on the physical mobility of the person it is affecting. Contributing factors to plantar fasciitis include poor biomechanics, poor hygiene, overexertion, and improper footwear (3.) Symptoms that come with this injury are swelling, pain, tight calf muscles, and soreness. Two joints create the ankle, subtalar joint and the talocrural joint that creates the articulation of the tibia, fibia, and talus bones. Musculatures in the ankle are the muscle compartments that help plantar flexion of the knee and the deep posterior compartment that inverts the ankle. These muscles help plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and dorsi flexion of the foot. The Achilles tendon continues beyond the calcaneus to create the plantar fascia, which runs the length of the sole of the foot. This fascia is a band of dense soft connective tissue that attaches to the medial surface of the calcaneus, which fans out and attaches to the metacarpals. Plantar fasciitis, also known as Plantar Aponeurosis, has the main functions of stabilizing the foot and securing the longitudinal arch (1.) Plantar fasciitis is a chronic overuse injury. It is due to improper footwear, tight calf muscles, or any sudden change in activity that does not allow the body enough time to adapt (2.) When walking, the heel makes contact with the ground; after this contact, the tibia turns inward in addition, the foot pronates, stretching the plantar fascia and flattening the arch causing pain (3.) Calf muscles are absorbing that shock when walking causing the muscle to tighten up and stretch that fascia which also causes pain. Tension develops in the fascia during the extension of the toes and the depression of the arch as a result in the weight bearing on the heel, which makes the tension on the fascia negligible. When the weight shifts to the balls of the feet, tension increases causing extreme amounts of pain (1.) Nonsurgical treatment for the pain and discomfort classifies into three categories: reducing pain and inflammation, reducing tissue stress to a tolerable level, and restoring muscle strength and flexibility of the tissues involved (4.) For emergent care always RICE, rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Taping to support the plantar fascia, strengthening and stretching of the calf muscles and massage therapy are all ways that could help reduce pain in the plantar fascia (2.) There are many signs and symptoms to plantar fasciitis. Many athletes will complain of pain in the anterior medial heel that eventually moves to the central portion of the plantar fascia (1.) The arch of the foot will be more sore in the morning and after that first weight bearing. Pain will usually decrease with activity but will increase with the passive range of motion dorsiflexion. People who experience plantar fasciitis should feel a sharp shooting pain in the arch of their foot with some slight swelling. Structural changes that occur would be the shortening of the plantar fascia, thickening with the fascia, and tiny micro-traumas throughout the fascia. Some functions changes would the change in the gait, length of the calf muscle and the ability to bear any weight (2.) When assessing the pain, assess from the subjective things that the patient says, listen for those red flags in signs and symptoms. Palpation of the plantar fascia will elect these symptoms. When assessing,

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