Effects Of Early Childhood Stress On Behavior And Brain Development Essay

Submitted By Britaney-Bianco
Words: 1359
Pages: 6
Open Document
ININ
IN
THIS
THIS
THIS
ISSUE
ISSUE
ISSUE

November 5, 2013

In This Issue
Tunable p-n heterojunction diodes

orphanages. To account for the genetic and environmental factors that influence human studies, the authors mimicked the impoverished caregiving provided by the children’s orphanages in preweaned mice by decreasing nesting material available to the dams for a limited time. The findings uncover lasting effects of early life experiences on human behavior and development, the authors report. Early-onset and long lasting changes in anxious behavior and amygdala function were observed in mice exposed to disorganized parental care early in life, mirroring the heightened emotional reactivity and amygdala changes in orphanage-reared children. The changes persisted long after the children were removed from the stressor, and did not diminish with the development of prefrontal regulatory regions in the brain. According to the authors, the findings highlight how early-life stress can lead to altered brain circuitry and emotional dysregulation, and suggest that such children may benefit from early intervention. — A.G.

The p-n junction diode, a ubiquitous building block of modern electronics, has numerous applications ranging from integrated circuits to photovoltaics and lasers. However, the recent emergence of extremely thin materials suggests that this integral electronic component can be scaled down to thicknesses of a few atoms, potentially enhancing its functionality even further. Deep Jariwala et al.
(pp. 18076–18080) demonstrate the fabrication and operation of a p-n heterojunction diode—an interface that passes current between dissimilar semiconductor types—based on atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and sorted semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The electrical characteristics of these heterojunction diodes can be precisely tuned to achieve behavior ranging from insulating to rectifying. Furthermore, the diodes respond strongly to optical irradiation with a fast photoresponse and quantum efficiency that compares favorably with other recently reported atomically thin nanomaterials. By combining the highly desirable electrical properties of SWCNTs with the rapidly expand- Maternal bond might influence bonobo ing field of atomically thin materials, the authors report, the p-n social competence heterojunction concept might lead to a new generation of ultrathin,
Previous studies have suggested that social skills, such as expresshigh-performance electronics and optoelectronics. — T. J. ing sympathy and responding to others’ distress, are positively tied to emotion control in humans. Zanna Clay and Frans de Waal (pp.
18121–18126) examined the development of social and emotional competence in our close primate relatives: bonobos (Pan paniscus).
The authors studied a range of social skills, including the apes’ abilities to sustain social interaction through play bouts, overcome selfdistress, and console distressed peers through comforting acts such as touching, stroking, kissing, and embracing, among a group of juvenile bonobos in a forested sanctuary in the Democratic

False-colored scanning electron micrograph of a carbon nanotube/
MoS2 heterojunction diode.

Effects of early-childhood stress on behavior and brain development
Early-childhood stress, such as the disorganized care received by children reared in some orphanages, has been linked to psychopathology later in life but the neurobiological underpinnings of these outcomes remain unclear. Matthew Malter Cohen et al.
(pp. 18274–18278) studied 16 orphanage-reared children, ages
11 and younger, and a group of 10 children who had not lived in One juvenile embraces another after the other loses a fight. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/iti4513110 PNAS
|
November 5, 2013 | vol. 110 | no. 45 | 18025–18026

Republic of Congo. Whereas some bonobos were born and mother-reared at the sanctuary, most arrived as orphans rescued in the wild from illegal
Show More

Related Documents: Effects Of Early Childhood Stress On Behavior And Brain Development Essay

Genetics vs. Environment: Adolescent Suicide Provoked by Childhood Abuse Essay

Environment: Adolescent Suicide Provoked by Childhood Abuse Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, as well as the third leading cause of death in adolescents (Labonte and Turecki, 2012). Although suicidal behaviors are often complicated and lack a single-determining cause, childhood abuse and maltreatment serve as one of the most encompassing risks for suicide; in fact, one-third of adults who were physically abused during their childhood have seriously considered suicide (Kennedy…

Words 2745 - Pages 11

Essay On Childhood Trauma

Childhood Trauma Childhood trauma has been one of the most common causes of death, due to effects on the victims. Studies have shown that these events affect brain development, the immune system, hormonal system, and the way that DNA is transcribed. The causes of trauma varies from parents with mental illness or alcohol abuse, to neglect, to sexual abuse, to divorce, to experiencing family members die in front of you. Childhood trauma is common around the world and the effects are now being seen…

Words 983 - Pages 4

Refs: Dopamine Receptor and Belsky J. Essay

Edenberg, H., Foroud, T., & Dick, D. M. (2014). Genes associated with alcohol outcomes show enrichment of effects with broad externalizing and impulsivity phenotypes in an independent sample. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 76(1), 38. Blair, C. (2002). Early intervention for low birth weight preterm infants: The role of negative emotionality in the specification of effects. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 311–332. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., IJzendoorn, M., H. 2015. The Hidden Efficacy…

Words 2533 - Pages 11

What Was Life Like Before The Abuse?

Each type of psychic trauma has characteristic signs. One-Episode Trauma / Type I post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Usually retain detailed memories of the event for a long time. Unlike regular memories, these are uncontrollable; they intrude into their day-to-day activities and can interfere with play, school, and family life. Nightmare are also common among children with post-traumatic stress disorder Recollections of the traumatic event that occur during waking hours and intrude into…

Words 774 - Pages 4

Questions On Child Development

Study Guide Chapter 2 1. Development: the pattern of change that occur throughout the life span A. Biological B. Cognitive C. Sociemotional 2. Prenatal: conception to birth Infancy to toddler: birth to age 2 Early childhood: age 2 to 6 Late/middle childhood: age 6 to 11 Adolescent: age 11 to 18 3. Theory: an organized system of assumptions and principles that claims to explain certain phenomena Theory example: providing isolated divorced mothers with social support will lead them…

Words 2238 - Pages 9

Research Paper

considered to be an alcoholic or to suffer from drinking problems. Alcoholism is a developmental disease that progresses slowly over a number of years and is based on both the physical and emotional dependency on alcohol. In many cases it leads to brain damage or early death. Alcoholism is a chronic disease, which means that it will last a person’s lifetime. The risk for developing alcoholism is influenced by both a person’s genes and their lifestyle. Alcohol was first brought to America by Christopher Columbus…

Words 1766 - Pages 8

Behaviorism Theory Of Child Abuse

but it must be done. The cycle of abuse is studied by many, and researcher Coates explains the trauma of childhood abuse. The trauma that comes with being physically or sexually abused as a child has an immense impact on the children’s behavior, social skills, their thinking, and even physical function (Coates, 2010). Studies conducted by Coates suggest that child abuse effect the brain in ways that no one would even imagine. Child abuse…

Words 1685 - Pages 7

Child Poverty In Canada

communication with others”. As one can think while growing up in poverty and being bounced around from shelters and the streets, one normally wouldn’t expect to learn these simple skills. A step that has been proven to be important in cognitive and social development, is the skills that children are taught at a young age. A survey was run on people who grew up in a poor neighbourhood and the results were not surprising. The people who had grew up in a poor neighbourhood showed to have less education and low…

Words 2011 - Pages 9

Essay about Autism Disorder

very early age in childhood development. One such disorder is autistic disorder, or autism. In the book “Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology” by Gorenstien and Comer we are introduced to a young child named Adam and his family. This case study takes us through noticing Adam’s development issues, his diagnosis of autism, his treatment and also the family struggles of living and managing a child with this disorder. Symptoms of Autism The diagnosis and treatment of disorders in childhood and…

Words 1344 - Pages 6

Psychology and Human Development Essay

Psych 7: Exam 1 Study Guide Ch.1: Intro -science of human development: science that seeks to understand how & why people of all ages & circumstances change or remain the dame over time (science-people-change) -scientific method: way to answer questions using empirical research & data-based conclusions -a theory: comprehensive set of ideas based on research or personal observation -a hypothesis: specific prediction that can be tested -empirical data: based on observation, experience or experiment…

Words 3562 - Pages 15