Engineer: Transmission Control Protocol and Tcp Connection Management Essay

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PROTOCOL STACK
Ken Dick

Layered Protocols
 In a perfect world bits would flow unhindered between

network devices.  There would be no need for protocol layers as there would be no:
 Bit errors  Congestion  Need for alternate routing  Problems in determining destinations  Security issues

Layered Protocols (1a)
 Layers in the OSI model.

2-1

Layered Protocols (1b)
 Who does what in the OSI model.

2-1
Applications (FTP, SMTP, etc) Not used Not used End to end connection (TCP & UDP) Addressing, accounting & routing

Framing, flow control & error handling
Moving bits

Layered Protocols (1c)
 The PDUs & addresses in the OSI model.

2-1
Message Not used Not used Socket (IP+Port) - Port Packet - IP

Frame - MAC
Bits

Layered Protocols (2a)
 A typical message as it appears on the network.

2-2

How IP Fits into TCP/IP

How IP Fits into TCP/IP

How IP Fits into TCP/IP

How IP Fits into TCP/IP

Layered Protocols (2b)
 The overhead associated w/ the layers

2-1 data Not used Not used 20 Bytes 20 Bytes

72 Bytes (minimum frame size)
Bits

802.3 1-Persistent CSMA/CD LAN (Ethernet)

The IP Header
0 vers 4 8 16 32 hlen service type total length identification flags fragment offset time to live protocol header checksum source IP address destination IP address IP options (if any)

vers hlen service type total length identification flags fragment offset time to live protocol options

version of IP used to create datagram header length (in 32-bit words) hints quality of service desired length of datagram in octets if datagram fragmented, all fragments have same ID more fragments; don’t fragment where does this fragment fit into datagram? In practice, indicates number of hops before being killed which transport protocol should receive this packet routing, security info

The TCP Segment Header

TCP Header.

Dynamic Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs
 Station Model.  Single Channel Assumption.  Collision Assumption.  (a) Continuous Time.

(b) Slotted Time.
 (a) Carrier Sense.

(b) No Carrier Sense.

Ethernet MAC Sublayer Protocol
Frame formats. (a) DIX Ethernet, (b) IEEE 802.3.

Ethernet MAC Sublayer Protocol (2)

Collision detection can take as long as 2 .

Ethernet Performance
Efficiency of Ethernet at 10 Mbps with 512-bit slot times.

IEEE 802.2: Logical Link Control

(a) Position of LLC. (b) Protocol formats.

The IP Protocol
The IPv4 (Internet Protocol) header.

The IP Protocol (2)
Some of the IP options.
5-54

The Main IPv6 Header

The IPv6 fixed header (required).

Extension Headers
IPv6 extension headers.
5-69

Extension Headers (2)

The hop-by-hop extension header for large datagrams (jumbograms).

Extension Headers (3)

The extension
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