In Malleus Maleficarum, magic is defined as a tool used by the devil with malicious intent, and carried out by his witches. (Kramer and Sprenger 12) …show more content…
In Pre-Modern texts such as Malleus Maleficarum the overwhelming theme that attempts to explain witches is religion. Anything that was separate from the church was immediately deemed secular, and therefore wrong. This is made abundantly clear on the first page of Malleus Maleficarum when Kramer and Sprenger are explaining heretics. Modern texts such as Witches, Not What You’d Expect, offer a different explanation. One that does not have to do exclusively with religion. Modern definitions of a witch include religious individuals, and non-religious individuals. It states that modern witches are more in touch with the natural world and their surroundings, not the devil and