hajera rahman pola psy 101 extra credit wayne county community college
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HUMANISTIC THEORY & COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
Humanistic theories of personality stress the basic goodness of human beings and the need to achieve one's full potential. credited to Abraham Maslow main idea – Belief that all human beings are equal and have the capacity for personal growth and change, given the right environment and support. Based on the idea of respect for all aspects of the individual and their right to choose for themselves. Humanists believe that human beings are unique in their development of personal goals and having a unique sense of self and, often, extraordinary potential. B.F. Skinner invented a
"Skinner box" which could be used for studying learning in rats, pigeons and even babies. There is a bar or switch inside the box which, when pushed, provides a reinforcer a food pellet for animals, and usually something interesting for babies, such as making a mobile go on for a few minutes. The box can be set up so the reinforcement is only received after every third press of the bar, or just sometimes when the bar is pressed and not others. Behaviorists find this useful in studying the effects of different types of reinforcement. Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, commented,
"I like to think that I am more like Skinner inventing the box than the pigeon in the box."
Skinner would have disagreed, asserting that we are all, rats, pigeons and humans,
3 subject to the same universal rules of learning. (A friend of mine had a Skinner box as a crib when she was a baby. Her father was a psychologist. She is in her thirties now and, from all appearances, a perfectly normal, nice person. This is a totally irrelevant point, but I thought it was interesting, and I am willing to concede that if you are a behaviorist, your children, students or clients don't necessarily grow up to be axe murderers.)
1. The goal of human development is selfactualization, that is, realizing one's own full,
unique potential. By definition, selfactualized people are independent, set their own goals, accept themselves Cognitive Development Theory
Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. The best known part of Piaget's theory is his stages, perhaps because these are so easy to define, memorize and design test questions on.
the developmental process by which an infant becomes an intelligent person, acquiring knowledge with growth and improving his or her ability to think, learn, reason, and abstract. Jean
Piaget demonstrated the orderly sequence of this process from early infancy through childhood. P iaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence . Piaget believed that one's childhood plays a vital and active role in a person's development Piaget's idea is primarily known as a development stage theory .
The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to
