File 2 Essay

Submitted By StudyBudd467
Words: 1659
Pages: 7
Open Document
Name Leo Parrish _ Period 6

Biology Date 2-22-13______

LAB - NATURAL SELECTION

This game was invented by G. Ledyard Stebbins, a pioneer in the evolution of plants. The purpose of the game is to illustrate the basic principles and some of the general effects of evolution by natural selection.

Natural selection acts at the level of individuals. It is the individual organism that lives or dies, reproduces or fails to reproduce because of its characteristics. When more individuals with a particular trait survive then the overall population will change over time — it will be made up of more and more individuals with that successful characteristic. This change over time in the population is evolution.

For example, let’s imagine that it is a dry year and food is scarce. There is a flock of birds. The birds in the flock that have the larger, sturdy beaks are the only ones that can eat what are usually hard-to-crack seeds. So those large-beak birds get more food than the smaller beak birds and they therefore survive more. Since they survive more they also get to reproduce more
— lay more eggs and have more babies. Now more of the birds in the next generation will inherit the large beak from their parents. So the next generation flock will be made up of more large-beak birds. If this drought stayed for many years then over time this bird species may end up being made of mostly large-beak birds and very few small beak birds. We would therefore say that this flock of birds had evolved over time.

Evolution by natural selection, as first proposed by Charles Darwin, includes four conditions:

1. Variation: Variation means that there are differences between the individuals in a population. In this lab, variation is simulated by different colored paper dots. For the purposes of this lab, these dots are assumed to be different colored butterflies of the same species — a species that has a range of colors in one population living in an area together.

2. Inheritance: The variations that exist within the population must be inheritable from parents to offspring. The characteristics can be passed on in genes. Darwin clearly recognized that this was the case, although he did not know about genes or DNA. In this lab, inheritance is "true breeding" — that is, offspring inherit the exact color of their parents, for instance red butterflies only reproduce red butterflies.

3. Overproduction: As a result of reading a famous essay of his time — Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus — Darwin realized that in natural populations more offspring are born than can possibly live to reproduce. In this simulation, overpopulation is modeled by having only part of each generation's offspring survive to be able to reproduce. The rest of the individuals are eaten by a predator.

4. Differential Survival and Reproduction: Given the three conditions described above, certain individuals will survive and reproduce more often than others, and these individuals and their offspring (the ones with the successful traits) will therefore become more common over time. This, in a nutshell, is evolution by natural selection.

In natural environments, one of the most noticeable forms of natural selection is predation. Predators eat other organisms, while prey are eaten by them. In our natural selection “game” (actually a simulation), we will study a closely related phenomenon — the evolution of protective coloration. Many animals, especially insects, are very well camouflaged against

1 of 6
Developed by Kim B. Foglia • www.ExploreBiology.com • ©2008
Name _ _ Biology

being seen or found by their predators, especially birds. In some cases, the insects mimic some part of their habitat, such as a leaf. The question under investigation in this game is, how do mimicry and protective coloration evolve?

DIRECTIONS: HOW TO PLAY THE GAME

In this
Show More

Related Documents: File 2 Essay

Peer-to-peer and P 2 P File Sharing Essay

P2P File Sharing (μTorrent) Jeevan Mahtani, S3448872 S3448872@student.rmit.edu.au Abstract. The purpose of this report is to identify the need for P2P file sharing applications. It also focuses on the risks and disadvantages that come along with P2P file sharing. It will then outline on one of the most commonly used P2P clients in the world that makes use of the Bittorrent Protocol which comes with a package of terminologies that are explained. The use of P2P software also tends to lead to an array…

Words 3074 - Pages 13

Essay on Lippert J Soci421 Media File Assignment 2

Media File Project 1 Media File Project Ten Current Event Articles and Analysis Jeff Lippert 11/23/2013 American Public University Media File Project 2 Contents Interracial couples now part of mainstream .................................................................................................. 3 Short life of Carter Scott marred by accusations of family violence ............................................................ 6 Kids Behaving Badly: When old rules of discipline no longer…

Words 7535 - Pages 31

how to implement a IT system Essay

to Save and Reopen Local Files with SmithApps To save files from SmithApps to your local disk: 1. Click on File > Save Database As (“Save As” for Excel) 2. On left side of the Save As window, scow down and select Computer 3. After you select Computer, click on Local Disk (C:) on the right and click Open. 4. Click on Users. 5. Click on your user named folder. 6. Select the folder that you would like to save the file in, and click save.…

Words 871 - Pages 4

Nt1330 Unit 9 Final Paper

1. A co-worker with a strong windows background is having difficulty understanding UNIX permissions. Describe UNIX file permission for him. Compare UNIX file permission to windows file permissions. ANS: A UNIX system handle a lot of Users. Consumers are an abstraction that means a reasonable entity for task of ownership and operation privileges over the system. Consumers can be coordinated in associations. A user may belong to one or more associations of consumers. The idea of associations serves…

Words 602 - Pages 3

Description Of Swipe Security Badge

Major Steps Performed Information for Steps 1) Legislator pays for food from the canteen Legislator 2) Legislator swipes security badge DGS Police Security Badge 3) Proximity reader reads badge ID Legislator ID Network 4) Proximity reader authenticates badge ID Proximity Reader and produces visual notification Use-Cases - Second Iteration (to-be system) Name: Transmit Transaction Data ID #: 2 Importance level: High Primary Actor: Finance and Administrator Services Short Description: This…

Words 1094 - Pages 5

Essay on Mr Islam

feedback on other people’s videos. Explain the Impact that file format, image resolution and colour depth has on file size and image quality: Common file formats and compression techniques: The most common file formats are JPG (Joint Photographic Group), GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), TIFF (Tagged Image File) and BMP (Bit-Mapped). The compression techniques which are used for each of these file formats is: JPG – JPG files can be used saved at various quality settings that are measured…

Words 1274 - Pages 6

Statistics and Central Limit Theorem Essay

Final take-home (10%) The attached Excel file contains two sets of data, randomly sampled from two different populations. There are two different activities to perform. Data set 1: 100 samples, each containing 36 observations. In other words, the sample size is 36. We repeated the sampling process 100 times. The original population is exponentially distributed. Data set 2: 100 samples, each containing 49 observations. In other words, the sample size is 49. We repeated the sampling process…

Words 1744 - Pages 7

Nt1310 Unit 3 Essay

1. File Tag (File) - It figures SHA-1 hash of the File as File Tag. 2. Token Req(Tag, UserID) - It asks for the Private Server for File Token era with the File Tag and Utilizer ID.…

Words 556 - Pages 3

Philosophy 220 Online, Moral Issues: Midterm Take-Home Exam

will not be accepted unless a documented excuse of sufficient weight is provided (e.g., a medical emergency). Submission: You must submit your work online through the Midterm Exam folder in the LEARN Dropbox. Please note carefully that only ONE file will be accepted to the Dropbox. Therefore, you must not use the Dropbox to store drafts or otherwise incomplete versions of your work. Use only supported browsers to submit your work. See below for detailed instructions on preparing online submissions…

Words 860 - Pages 4

Project 2 DNA Essay

AP Computer ScienceMr. Brett Wortzman 12/16/2014 Issaquah High School Project 2: DNA Analysis Due Dates: Checkpoint 1 Final Due Date 1/7/14 1/12/14 10% Students will write a program that uses arrays and files to analyze DNA sequences and determine if they represent proteins. Special thanks to Stuart Reges and Marty Stepp of UW for use of this assignment. I. Background Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a complex biochemical macromolecule that carries genetic information for cellular life…

Words 1340 - Pages 6