Internal Combustion Engine: Causes Of The Second Industrial Revolution

Submitted By house1994
Words: 2101
Pages: 9
Open Document
Yazhong Kou
B00635106
Tutorial number 6
TA：Adam Bowes
My final project is a single research essay. The internal combustion engine, invented by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir in 1860, was a symbol of the second industrial revolution. This kind of engine works by exploding a mixture of fuel and air in an air cylinder to produce useful energy (Forrester 2006). The widespread use of the internal combustion engine in the second industrial revolution led to overcapacity caused by prosperity, conflict in international trade, and the increased demand of raw materials, which promoted the outbreak of World War I; it also worsened the consequences of the war by establishing rapid field support, and an increase in unemployment rates; it also helped triple entente to win the victory of World War I as well.
To begin with, serious overcapacity of nations due to the rapid increase of productivity, which was caused by the wide application of the internal combustion engine, became one of the potential causes of World War I. The internal combustion engine increased the productivity of agriculture due to inventions like the tractor. The efficiency of the internal combustion engine was almost over 60% which was much more than the steam engine’s 30% (Steinberg 2004). Agriculture was a crucial factor of a country’s economy; because higher agricultural productivity represented that more people could be released to work in other industries to develop economy. The GDP of Germany increased even more than 45% before World War I. (The German Economy 2013, 17). The net domestic product of Germany even reached almost 15 billion marks in 1875, more than 31 billion marks in 1900, and over 45 billion marks in 1914; based on the chart 1 (The German Economy 2013, 16). Compared the these data with the net domestic product in 1800, the total money in 1914 was almost 10 times of the number in 1800. Rapid growth in the economy, however, would form serious overcapacity (Jensen 1993, 4). To solve the problem of overcapacity, nations like Britain, Spain, and Germany had to dump their excess products to the colonies in Africa (South African History 2003). For instance, between 1905 and 1906; the crisis of Morocco really worsened the relation of Germany with France to be more fragile. (History Learning Site 2012). The competition to control colonies among nations like Germany, Britain, Spain, and France laid a foundation of World War I
(Chart 1)
Secondly, World War I was pushed, when the countries competed with each other in the global trades which were caused by the internal combustion engine. With the development of their economies, nations started to export their products abroad. “Germany had been experiencing a period of rapid industrialization since 1871” (The corner 1979), and the transportation technology of Germany caught up to Britain at an amazing speed. The breakthrough of the internal combustion engine also caused "a sharp decline in transportation costs" (Mokyr 1998, 7). By 1890, German manufacturing had become strong enough to compete with other industrialized countries, especially Britain. As ‘the empire of the sun never set’ in the first industrial revolution, Britain was the strongest country at that time. However, one hundred years later, the power of Britain was challenged by Germany, and Britain was losing the identity of the only boss of the world. Britain had already been furious with Germany since that time.
Moreover, to satisfy the dramatically increased demand for raw materials for machines like automobiles and ships, countries had to also compete for resources which created a war atmosphere in 1910s. Since the invention of the internal combustion engine, the demand of products like automobiles increased substantially. Therefore, the demand for raw materials like iron, coal, and wood also increased greatly as well. With the promotion of ambition, Germany tried to expand their colonies. In 1870, France had to import coal from other countries,
Show More

Related Documents: Internal Combustion Engine: Causes Of The Second Industrial Revolution

Final Project: Final Project Overview And Timeline

Associate Level Material Appendix A Final Project Overview and Timeline Final Project Overview Business Writing Portfolio During this course, you will complete six writing pieces to be compiled and submitted as your Business Writing Portfolio. Each assignment, with the exception of the reflection, must be revised by incorporating your instructor’s feedback and your understanding of the writing process. You are encouraged to use the tools available in the Center for Writing Excellence; of particular…

Words 674 - Pages 3

Analysis: The Final Project

The Final Project Rewind time five months ago and you have my roommate Colin and I getting something to eat discussing the future semester goals and what not. He seemed particularly happy about one specific class; Race On Stage. He thought in this class would be an acting class rather than one of scholarly merit. Somehow he managed to convince me to sign up for this class, and I honestly can’t complain. What made this class so special was that it is an experience, not just…

Words 842 - Pages 4

Final Project Essay

Wilcox II used the metaphor of her closet to show your feelings toward her death. You have a strong creative writing talent, and I hope you will continue to explore it.” (Module Six Final Narrative Draft Feedback, Professor Stocklos) I thought the first draft of the persuasive essay would be much easier for me than the narrative essay had been. It proved to be more challenging. I found it daunting because I was now dealing with…

Words 703 - Pages 3

Math Final Project

Math final project March 9, 2015 Presented by: Bolívar Taveras Prof. Liudmila Rikun GE-184 1.Signed numbers Solve the following 1) (-6)+(-1) A. -7 B. -5 substracted instead of adding. C. 7 answer is not positive 7 D. 5 substracted and used wrong sign. 2) -3+7 A. -4 wrong symbol B. 4 correct answer C. -10 added instead of substracting D. 10 added instead of substracting 3) -6.4+3.9 A. -2.5 correct answer B. 4.1 wrong quantity C. 2.5 positive instead of negative D. -4.1 wrong quantity…

Words 708 - Pages 3

Final Project Paper

Joshua Zajac Professor Kimberley Samarelli Principles of Marketing December 22, 2010 Final Project A redesign of the check-in process at Atlantic City Airport will drastically improve the overall experience that clients receive. If you have ever flown out of any airport in the United States you know that the largest portion of time spent in the airport is time spent going through check-in and security. In fact most airlines suggest that patrons check-in two hours before their departure to ensure…

Words 1530 - Pages 7

Final Project Essay

Final Project Option 1 center850008549640October 26, 2014 BMGT 365 1000000October 26, 2014 BMGT 365 To turnaround an unprofitable company, Joan imposed new management ideas despite her father’s business practices and culture. With her leadership, Joan will lead and motivate Invitations Inc. employees, and the company will become more profitable. This leadership void threatens Invitation’s Inc “sustainable pattern of customer focus and profitable growth” (Millikin 9). Invitations Inc…

Words 1698 - Pages 7

INDP Final Project

INDP Final Project Nathan Nemitz NTC-362 March 16, 2015 Eddie Horton INDP Final Project The network requirements by Patton-Fuller have a few more points to add to the plan. There is an explanation on the final network design to include a timeline for the project. The design approach and rationale is covered briefly as well as an analysis of the detailed design. There was a specific requirement of 20MBps which led to a further explanation of various network data transmission rates. Security is…

Words 2119 - Pages 9

Final Project Essay

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Final Project Submitted to Dr. William Higley in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course LEAD 620 LUO Mission, Vision and Strategic Planning Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………3 Biblical Foundations for Ministry......................................………………3 Simple Church…...……………………………………………………….4 Attractional Church.……….…....………………………………………..6 Organic Church…………

Words 2645 - Pages 11

Final Project Essay

Criteria Time to market Cost Risk Involved Services provided Profitablity Weighted Project Scores Weight 15% 20% 15% 30% 20% 100% investment paperless loan project banking project project 80 80 50 60 60 50 50 75 50 20 90 50 20 50 50 46 75 50 Weighted Score by Project loan project paperless banking project investment project 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Project Management Life Cycle Project Objectives  Reduce the amount of paper and other consumable items  Reduce employee…

Words 507 - Pages 3

Nt1310 Final Project

1. In general, how would you describe your level of physical fitness right now? Then write what physical/health characteristics you are basing your description on. My personal fitness level could be described as poor. From what my doctor tells me, my body is healthy, but I do not have the best eating habits. I also have low stamina and I cannot lift much weight. 2. How would you describe the physical fitness of your immediate family? What physical/health characteristics are you basing your description…

Words 771 - Pages 4