Goals: Jpeg and File Format Essay

About The Project

The challenge of handling the digital image in different forms in the present world is bit difficult. Digital Image processing techniques can be of different forms. In this project different techniques are shown in a single project. Main Intension of developing this project is to get a clear understanding of writing algorithms using various pixel manipulation techniques. These techniques include
Modules:

Inverting a Digital Image Conversion of a Color Image to Gray Scale Image Brightness and Contrast techniques on digital image
Zoom in and Zoom out techniques

1. Problem Statement

The challenge of handling the digital images in different forms in the present world is a bit difficult. Digital Image processing techniques can be of different forms. Main Intension behind developing this project is to understand the art of writing and implementing algorithms. This project will make use of various pixel manipulation techniques.

2. Literature Survey We begin this report with some basic definitions of the fundamentals used in the project and there on move towards the detailed explanation of all the components and the functionalities required for the completion of the project. We shall also come across all the major pixel/image manipulation algorithms which will be used in our tool.
2.1 Basic Terms:

2.1.1 Pixel: The word pixel is based on a contraction of pix ("pictures") and el (for "element"). In digital imaging, a pixel (or picture element) is a single point in a raster image. The pixel is the smallest addressable screen element; it is the smallest unit of picture that can be controlled.

2.1.2 Image: An image (from Latin imago) is an artifact, for example a two-dimensional picture that has a similar appearance to some subject; usually a physical object or a person. Images may be two-dimensional, such as a photograph, screen display, and as well as a three-dimensional, such as a statue. However, we will only deal with the images captured by a digital camera; otherwise called digital images.

2.1.2 Image Format/s: Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images. Image files are composed of either pixel or vector (geometric) data that are rasterized to pixels when displayed (with few exceptions) in a vector graphic display. The pixels that constitute an image are ordered as a grid (columns and rows); each pixel consists of numbers representing magnitudes of brightness and color.

Here is a list of major graphic file formats:

JPEG/JFIF - JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a compression method; JPEG-compressed images are usually stored in the JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format) file format.

TIFF - The TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format is a flexible format that normally saves 8 bits or 16 bits per color (red, green, blue) for 24-bit and 48-bit totals, respectively, usually using either the TIFF or TIF filename extension.

RAW - RAW refers to a family of raw image formats that are options available on some digital cameras. These formats usually use a lossless or nearly-lossless compression, and produce file sizes much smaller than the TIFF formats of full-size processed images from the same cameras.

PNG - The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file format was created as the free, open-source successor to the GIF. The PNG file format supports true color (16 million colors) while the GIF supports only 256 colors. The PNG file excels when the image has large, uniformly colored areas. The lossless PNG format is best suited for editing pictures, and the lossy formats, like JPG, are best for the final distribution of photographic images, because JPG files are smaller than PNG files.

GIFF - GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is limited to an 8-bit palette, or 256 colors. This makes the GIF format suitable for storing graphics with relatively few colors such as simple diagrams, shapes, logos and cartoon style images. The GIF

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