Good One Essay

Submitted By tommyrobertson
Words: 1747
Pages: 7

Exam 4 Ch: 8 and 9Ch 8 | 1. Define memory and cognition. Provide examples of cognitive processes. | 2. Why don't we reproduce exact replicas of life events? | 3. Define explicit memory and explain the two types we have. How would you classify knowing the state capitals? | 4. List and define the 3 ways used to measure memory. Be able to recognize examples of each. Which is easier? | 5. What is implicit memory and explain the 3 types. | 6. What is a fragment test and how are they used? | 7. Summarize Bargh et al (1996) study in the research focus section. Provide the independent, dependent variables and what was concluded about priming effects? | 8. What are the 3 stages of memory? What happens to most of the information that goes through these stages? Make sure you can replicate Fig. 8.4 | 9. What is sensory memory? | 10. What is iconic memory?11. What is the duration of iconic memory, who determined that and summarize his experiment. What is the capacity? | 12. What is echoic memory and how long does it last? Why is it beneficial for echoic memory to have a longer duration than iconic memory? | 13. What is eidetic imagery? | 14. What is short-term memory? Why is it called working memory? | 15. Explain Peterson and Peterson's (1959) study and what they found. | 16. Define maintenance rehearsal and what are the 2 purposes rehearsal serves? | 17. What is the capacity of STM? Who identified the capacity? | 18. What is chunking and why it is important regarding our memory? How do we “chunk” our social security numbers? | 19. What is long-term memory? Capacity and duration? | 20. What are some useful memory techniques for studying? Define each. | 21. What are 3 memory processes identified in your text? Define each and how they relate to each other. Explain encoding and elaborative encoding. | 22. Summarize Rogers et al (1977) study in the research focus section. What are the independent and dependent variables and the conclusion that was drawn? | 23. Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus and how did he study memory? What did he find about the forgetting curve, spacing effect (spaced vs distributed), and overlearning. | 24. Define retrieval and tip of the tongue. | 25. Define context-dependent learning and explain Godden and Baddeley's (1975) study that demonstrated this. What are the independent and dependent variables? | 26. What is state-dependent learning? What is the research example given that supports this concept? Independent and dependent variables? | 27. Explain the serial position curve of retrieval. Include the primacy and recency effect in your explanation. Why do the primacy and recency effects occur? | 28. Define retroactive and proactive interference. Provide an example of both. | 29. How are our memories stored in LTM? Include terms: categories, spreading activation defining features, prototype, and schemas. Why are schemas important? What do schemas have to do with stereotypes? With behavior scripts? Based on spreading activation, if I said “banana” what would be a word you say next and why? | 30. What is long-term potentiation? Consolidation? | 31. What brain structure is important in our explicit memory? Implicit and emotional memory? | 32. Explain retrograde and anterograde amnesia. Who is HM and what have we learned from him about memory retrieval? Which type of amnesia can’t transfer information from short term to long term memory? | 33. What was Karl Lashley (1929) trying to find and how was he doing it? What was his conclusion? | 34. What neurotransmitters and what hormone have been identified as being important in memory? | 35. How effective are the drugs typically taken to improve memory? | 36. Define cognitive biases. | 37. What is source monitoring? Summarize Rassin, Merkelback, and Spaan's (2001) study. | 38. What is confirmation bias? Describe Darley and Gross' (1983) study. Identify the independent and dependent variables. | 39.