Grammar Review Essay

Prepositions
About
Before
Down
Of
Throughout
Above
Behind
During
Off
To
Across
Below
Except
On
Toward
After
Beneath
For
Onto
Under
Against
Beside
From
Out
Underneath
Along
Between
In
Outside
Until
Among
Beyond
Inside
Over
Up
Around
But
Into
Past
Upon
As
By
Like
Since
With
at
Despite
Near
Through
Within
According to by means of
In place of
On account of
Aside from
In addition to
In spite of
Out of
Because of
In front of
Instead of
Prior to

The squirrel ran _________ the trees.
The mouse ran _________ the cheese. Definitions and Examples
Compliment – a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the verb
Direct object – a word or group of words that receives the action of an action verb. It answers the question what or whom?
Transitive verb – verbs that take direct objects
Intransitive verb – when the person or thing doing the acting does not direct its action toward someone or something
Indirect Object – a word or group of word that tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is being performed
EX: Tref showed the class an Easter egg. (showed what?) (to whom?)
Tref – Subject; showed – verb; the class – IO, an Easter egg – DO
Objective complement – a word or group of word that follows a direct object and renames or describes that object. Key verbs: appoint, call, choose, consider, elect, find, make, keep, name, think.
EX: I consider Matt Trefilek a swimmer.
Swimmer – OC (it renames the subject, Matt Trefilek.)
Subject compliment – a compliment that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject. They come after a form of the verb be.
Predicate Nominative – a word or group of words that follows a linking verb and names or identifies the subject of the sentence.
EX: Predicate noun – My favorite person is Tref.
Tref is the PN. PNs may be compound
Matt Trefilek was a physicist and a swimmer.
Predicate Adjective – an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence.
EX: Matt Trefilek is nice and funny.
Phrase – a group of related words that does not have a subject and a predicate and that functions in a sentence as a single part of speech.
Prepositional phrase – a phrase that consists of a preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the object.
EX: Andrew Chang disappeared into the forest.
Adjective Phrase – a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun
EX: Chang saved the baby in the forest. (“in the forest” clarifies which baby)
Adverb phrase – a prepositional phrase that functions as an adverb
EX: Mrs. Yurkew graded our papers at Starbucks. (graded them where?)
Appositive – a noun or pronoun that usually follows another noun or pronoun and identifies or explains it
EX: Valedictorian Ben Belford did the morning

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