Heaven's Door Summary

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Borjas, George J. Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1999. Print.
The author, Cuban economist and Pforzheimer Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, uses his previous work and data from the 1996-98 Current Population Surveys (CPSs) and occasional backdating to include the 1970 census to support his argument that immigration could be more beneficial with a different type of immigration policy. He finds that the benefits of the arrival of less-skilled immigrants in the current American economy is small. He supports the idea that admitting highly skilled workers and a reduction of immigrants to 500,000 per year to the country would greatly
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Louis, relies on a variety of sources, including governmental records, manuscript collections from U.S. and Mexican archives; Mexican and American newspapers, songs, growers’ testimonies, and interviews with former braceros to support her argument that the bracero program is the cause that many undocumented Mexican immigrants live in the United States today. She finds that the success of the bracero program depended on the transformation of Mexican citizens through migration. She concludes that even though Mexican immigration has increased since the bracero program, they’ve been a source of cheap labor.

Hatton, T. J., and Jeffrey G. Williamson. Global Migration and the World Economy: Two Centuries of Policy and Performance. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2005. Print.
The authors, economists and economic historians use a variety of primary sources including data, articles, conference presentations, lectures, the United States Bureau of the Census, and the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services to support their argument that migration still has positive effects that could be improved with political will. They find that a decline in transportation costs as transport technologies improved, and the economic incentive to move motivates the migrants to move to countries with powerful economies such as the United States. They conclude that comparing global migration in the nineteenth century with the global migration today, migration still has positive impact on the