How Does Glucose Muscle Affects The Human Body

Words: 1450
Pages: 6
Open Document
Foods such as potatoes, rice, corn and wheat contain starch granules which are important energy sources for humans. The human digestive process breaks down the starch into glucose units with the aid of enzymes, and those glucose molecules can circulate in the blood stream as an energy source (hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu). When oxidized in the body in the process called metabolism, glucose produces carbon dioxide, water, and some nitrogen compounds and in the process provides energy which can be used by the cells. The energy yield is about 686 kilocalories per mole which can be used to do work or help keep the body warm. This energy figure is the change in Gibbs free energy ΔG in the reaction, the measure of the maximum amount of work obtainable …show more content…
Energy from glucose is obtained from the oxidation reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O where a mole of glucose (about 180 grams) reacts with six moles of O2 with an energy yield ΔG = 2870 kJ. The six moles of oxygen at STP would therefore occupy about 134 liters. The energy yield from glucose is often stated as the yield per liter of oxygen, which would be 5.1 kcal per liter or 21.4 kJ per liter. This energy yield could be measured by actually burning the glucose and measuring the energy liberated in a calorimeter. But in living organisms, the oxidation of glucose contributes to a series of complex biochemical reactions which provides the energy needed by cells. The first step in the breakdown of glucose in all cells is glycolysis, producing pyruvate which is the starting point for all other processes in cellular respiration. In cells where oxygen is present (aerobic respiration) these processes have been modeled in the TCA or Krebs cycle. A major part of the use of the energy from glucose oxidation is the conversion of ADP to ATP, with the energy-rich molecule ATP being subsequently used as the energy currency of the cell …show more content…
In fact, after water has been excluded, 75 percent of your body weight consists of protein. Proteins play many important roles in the body including the structure of enzymes; these are important proteins that help reactions occur in the body, such as releasing energy from the food we eat. Proteins also function as transport proteins such as hemoglobin; an iron containing protein that transports oxygen to exercising muscles via the bloodstream. Protein consists of building blocks called amino acids, which are linked together in different patterns to form specific proteins with different characteristics. There are twenty different amino acids of which eight are considered essential because they cannot be generated by the body but are necessary for survival. The body uses amino acids circulating in the bloodstream, released from the breakdown of tissues, or consumed in the diet to make protein (extension.iastate.edu). The human body is dependent on fat for optimal health. Fat, or adipose tissue, functions as an insulator to preserve body heat and protect organs in the body. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, are dependent on fat for absorption and transportation in the
Show More

Related Documents: How Does Glucose Muscle Affects The Human Body

Biology: Insulin and Blood Glucose Essay

gland, which brings about a response in an organ elsewhere in the body (target tissue) * A target tissue is a group of cells that contain receptors for a particular hormone and therefore affected by it. * A gland is a group of cells which produce and release one or more useful substances and we call that secretion. * An exocrine gland secretes something into a duct, carries the substance to a particular part of the body e.g. salivary grand and pancreas. * An endocrine gland is an organ…

Words 1800 - Pages 8

Atkins or "fadkins" Essay

are used for in the human body. List some specific examples of each. Also list major dietary sources of each. a. Proteins- macromolecules made of amino acids. Proteins have many functions in the body. Some sources of proteins are whole-grain cereals, dark breads,rice, beans, and meat. Proteins are: -forming collagen and keratin -transporting molecules in the blood -quicken chemical reactions b.…

Words 1241 - Pages 5

Cell and Cellular Membrane Disruption Essays

oxygen, blood glucose, and waste removal? The cell respiration process is affected due to the loss of oxygen, blood glucose, and waste removal. This happens because glucose starts the process of glycolysis. Oxygen is needed for reactions in the mitochondria, and carbon dioxide needs to be removed from the cells. Carbon Dioxide levels started building up, as well as the bodies PH level. Without the heart pumping the oxygen and blood glucose won’t reach the vital organs of the body that need them…

Words 518 - Pages 3

Physiology: Chapter Summary And Analysis

from ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This is shown in the following reaction ATP ↔ ADP + Pi + energy for use4. ATP is formed from the breakdown of glucose, which is also seen in the equation C6H12O6 +O2 ↔ CO2 +H2O +36-38 ATP4. As seen in the equation 36-38 molecules are made per one molecule of glucose. The process of this equation from glucose to ATP has three parts glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain (oxidation phosphorylation), which are also known as cellular respiration4…

Words 3035 - Pages 13

Unit 2 Animal Cell

synthesising the chemicals the cell needs like enzymes. Mitochondria use glucose in reparation to release energy for the cell Ribosomes build up proteins from smaller, simpler compounds called amino acids. Plant cells:- Cell wall is made of the carbohydrate cellulose Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the chemical which absorbs the sunlight that is used for photosynthesis. Light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose Vacuole is filled with cell sap that contains sugars, salts and water…

Words 2565 - Pages 11

Science: Blood and Fitness Essay

improve their fitness. The types of scientific and technical skills that coaches and personal trainers need to do their jobs are similar, for example: They must be able to carry out basic test to assess a person’s fitness They must understand how the human body works They must be able to develop and modify a fitness programme They must be able to monitor a person’s fitness. They must understand health and safety. Personal Trainers Coaches Leadership skills Supporter Determination Demonstrator…

Words 3996 - Pages 16

Essay about AP BIO RTC Ch 41 44

An endoskeleton is found in sponges, echinoderms, and vertebrates. 2. Skeletons protect organs: skull (brain), vertebral column (spinal cord), and rib cage (heart and lungs). The large, heavy leg bones support the body against the pull of gravity. Leg and arm bones permit flexible body movement. The flat bones of the skull, ribs, and breastbone contain red bone marrow that manufactures blood cells. 3. A long bone consists of a central medullary cavity surrounded by compact bone. Ends are composed…

Words 4068 - Pages 17

The Importance Of The Human Body

These tasks are performed by the human body and more than six hundred different muscles that are in it. These muscles contract and relax in unison to create movement. The bicep contracts and triceps relax on the upper arm when you lift up a glass of water. When you put the water back down, the bicep relaxes and the triceps contracts and works with gravity to pull the glass down. These muscles use a lot of energy. The best example of an extremely hard working muscle is the heart. The heart works nonstop…

Words 2062 - Pages 9

Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Glucose Monitoring Essay

to help with a constant dry mouth and to combat his fatigue. At a clinic appointment, it was noted that his weight has dropped from 200 to 178 pounds. He is 6 feet 0 inches tall. Her urine is positive for sugar (2%) and ketones. A chemstick blood glucose level is 612 mg/dl. He had eaten breakfast 3 hours before the blood test. 1. Considering his presenting history and physical data, what form of diabetes mellitus is indicated? Explain why using the patho. Presenting symptoms: Fatigue, increased…

Words 3609 - Pages 15

Macro Nurtrients Essay

processes. Energy is consumed in the form of food. The organic components of food that can be used are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Our bodies convert starches, fats, sugars and proteins into energy. Molecules are held together by an energy source, energy is released when the bonds between atoms in molecules are broken. Any unused energy escapes from the body in the form of heat. Units of energy contained in the food and drink we consume is counted as calories. Carbohydrate provides 3.74 calories…

Words 2868 - Pages 12