Consistent with the hypothesis, participants in the dim room condition cheated significantly more than participants in the control room condition. Specifically, both the percentage of participants that cheated (i.e. occurrence of cheating) and the average difference between a participant’s actual performance and reported performance (i.e. magnitude of cheating) were higher in the dim room condition than in the control room condition. This means that although both groups were given the opportunity to cheat (the task appeared completely anonymous to participants) and the incentive to cheat (monetary rewards), participants in the dim room cheated significantly more those in the well-lit room. These findings suggest that the mere dimness of the environment can cause greater dishonesty.
The second experiment involved undergraduate students from another university participating in an exercise where each participant was told to take the initiative to split an amount of $6 between himself and “another participant in the next room” via typing his decision into a computer. Here, too, participants were led to believe their actions were completely anonymous as they were alone when typing in their decisions and no interactions took place between participants. Unbeknownst to the participants, however, their responses in the computer program were being tracked by the experimenters. The independent variable in this experiment was the level of darkness experienced by the participants: they were randomly assigned to either wear sunglasses (dark condition) or clear glasses (control condition) before stepping into the experiment room. The dependent variable measured was the amount of money given to “the other participant”, with lower amounts corresponding to higher tendencies of self-interested behavior.