Now we want to analyze that process in more detail. In idealized form, the process of policy
change moves through a cycle of six stages—problems are defined, a causal diagnosis is made,
plans are developed, a political decision is made on reform initiatives, those reforms are then
implemented, and their consequences are evaluated. The cycle then begins again, as new
problems arise that must be addressed by policymakers. (Figure 2.1)
Of course, in the real world, reform rarely takes place in such a…
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