These are functions that the network layer must provide.
Forwarding
Forwarding means the process of moving a package from the router's entry to the corresponding output on the router. We know that on the network a router is connected to many other routers on the network. The package arrives at the router from a specific path, which is converted to the router's input path. And keep in mind that this will have to decide the proper path to transmit this packet to the next router, and this process is called forwarding. Figure 26.2 shows the router with the input path for the data.
Data forwarding
Routing
Data routing depends on the forwarding process. Routing is done by a combination of different router redirection. This is a combination that decides how the package will pass. Therefore, routing must determine the route accepted by the package from the source to the destination.
To understand the interaction between routing and forwarding, consider an example. In Fig. 26.3 There are two nodes A and b. Where A-B sender and receiver, and we have to send the package from point A to point B. Now we…show more content… Each router has its own copy of this table. In each port of the router, the data that crosses your address is changing, and its purpose will be different for different routers. The routing algorithm uses a forwarding table to route data. The forwarding table has many IP addresses and paths corresponding to these addresses. Therefore, it also indicates which type of IP address should be passed to each output channel. For example, in Figure 26.4 we see that the IP address for the output channel is 3-0100, and for 1-1001. The router brings the package, and then the router immediately calls its routing environment and looks at the forwarding table. The routing algorithm will resolve the path, and the forwarding table will help you decide which output link to go to. Therefore, there is a close interaction between routing and
