Osteoarthritis Research Paper

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease, of the articular joint including joint degeneration, inflammation, and upregulation in pro-inflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid (synovitis) [1]. Collagen type 2 and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are the two major essential components of the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage that lost after articular cartilage injury [30]. OA symptoms including muscles weakness, synovial inflammation, degeneration of articular cartilage and bone remodeling [27]. The pro-inflammatory cytokines in the joint microenvironment lead to cartilage degeneration through altering the proteoglycans and collagen fibers specially collagen type 2 of the cartilage ECM [16]. Many pro-inflammatory components like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) that produced by cells in the joint, induce the matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs), which degrade the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) and inhibit cartilage formation [2]. IL-1β is the trigger that induces OA through synthesis the chemokines, cytokines and proteolytic enzymes that degrade the cartilage ECM and because the cartilage has a poor repair capability, OA leads to terminating joint movement and requirement of joint arthroplasty [17]. MMPs enzymes activity disturb the cartilage homeostasis, stability and function, those enzymes including collagenases ( …show more content…
Recently, many researchers hypothesized that using the pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation (PEMF) without any biological incitements, can improve the production of the cartilage ECM and some anabolic factors like TGF- β 1 that in the final results may control the OA development and help in cartilage regeneration

Osteoarthritis Research Paper

Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition that diminishes the structure and function of one or more joints by the progressive loss of cartilage. The knees, hips, lower back, neck, joints within the fingers, and the base of the thumb is where Osteoarthritis (OA) occurs the most. With this condition there are different stages; Early Stage- The first stage is the phase is where the cartilage that coats the ends of our bones begin to thin out. At this stage treatment is simple to help lower the symptoms…

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Osteoarthritis Research Paper

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Osteoarthritis Research Paper

Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis common among millions of people across the world. The illness results from wearing down of protective cartilage at the end of the bones over time. The disorder affects hands, hips, knees, and spine. Conditions of osteoarthritis gradually worsen. However, when the patient stays active, undertakes regular exercises and maintains a healthy weight, the progress of the disease slows down. These would help reduce pain and improve functioning of joints. The main symptoms…

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