periodic table Essay

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Havergal College

SCH3U

Oxidation number and IUPAC names of some polyatomic ions
Oxidation number = +1
Name
Ammonium
Oxidation number = -1
Name
Ion cyanide HSO4acetate
H2PO3hypochlorite
H2PO4chlorite
MnO4chlorate
NO2perchlorate
NO3hydrogen carbonate
OCNhydrogen oxalate
OHhydrogen sulfite
SCNOxidation number = -2
Name
Ion carbonate HPO42oxalate
O22chromate
SO32dichromate
SO42hydrogen phosphite
S2O32Oxidation number = -3
Name
Ion
3arsenite
PO4 arsenate Ion

NH4+

Ion
CNC2H3O2ClOClO2ClO3ClO4HCO3HC2O4HSO32-

Ion

CO3
C2O42CrO42Cr2O72HPO32Ion

3-

AsO3
AsO43-

Name hydrogen sulfate dihydrogen phosphite dihydrogen phosphate permanganate nitrite nitrate cyanate hydroxide thiocyanate
Name
hydrogen phosphate peroxide sulfite sulfate thiosulfate
Name
phosphate

Solubility of Ionic Compounds at SATP
-

-

Cations

Cl , Br , I
High
solubility
(aq) > 0.1 mol/L (at
SATP)

Low solubility (s) < 0.1 mol/L (at
SATP)

most

-

S

2-

group 1,
NH4+,
group 2

OH

-

group 1,
NH4+,
Sr2+,
Ba2+ Tl+

Anions
SO42most

CO32-,
C2H3O2PO43-,
SO32group most +
1, NH4

NO3all

All Group 1 compounds, including acids, and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water
+
2+
Ag , Pb , most most Ag+, Pb2+, most
Ag+
none
Tl+, Hg22+,
Ca2+,
(Hg+), Cu+
Ba2+, Sr2+,
Ra2+

Havergal College

SCH3U

Assigning oxidation numbers
General Rules
1) The oxidation number of any free element is zero, regardless of how complex its molecules might be.
2) For monatomic ions, the oxidation number is their charge
3) The sum of all the oxidation numbers of the atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion must equal the charge on the particle
Rules for Specific Atoms
4) Group 1A (1) atoms have an oxidation number of +1(Excluding H)
5) Group 2A (2) atoms have an oxidation number of +2
6) In its compounds, hydrogen is +1 with non-metals and -1 with
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