Proto Oncogene Research Paper

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Proto-oncogenes are genes that cause normal cells to become cancerous when they are mutated. Proto-oncogenes mutations are typically prominent in nature. The mutated version of a proto-oncogene is called an oncogene. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that halt cell death, increase cell division, and inhibit cell differentiation. All of these processes are necessary for normal human development and they help maintain tissues and organs. Oncogenes produces these proteins at an increased rate. This leads to decreased cell differentiation, inhibition of cell death, and increased cell division. These phenotypes are what make up cancer cells. The process by which this happens is called carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis is the formation of cancer; normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. This process is characterized by changes at the cellular level, genetic level, epigenetic level, and abnormal cell division. …show more content…
This can include pneumonia or the flu to something more life threatening like cancer. Although, viruses are microorganisms they are not considered living organisms. They cannot grow or multiply on their own and need to hijack a host cell to multiply. Virions attack the cell and hijack its cellular machinery to carry out growth and multiplication. An infected cell produces viral particles instead of its usual normal particles. In 1911, an American scientist named Peyton Rous discovered that a virus could cause cancer. He found that he could induce tumor formation in a healthy chicken by injecting small pieces of a tumor taken from a chicken infected with cancer. Rous then made extract from the chicken tumors and filtered them through a filter with pores small enough that bacteria could not pass through. However, the filter had pores big enough to allow the passage of viruses. Rous concluded that a virus must be responsible for the induction of tumor
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