Essay on Psychology Test Study Guide

Submitted By mohamedsouad2
Words: 2183
Pages: 9
Open Document
Test 4 Study Guide
1) Personality:
The concept of Personality is used to explain the stability of a person’s behavior over time and in different situations – how consistent it is, and the behavioral difference among people that are in similar situations – how distinctive it is.
2) Distinctiveness of personality traits
It is in a nutshell, a person’s unique set of consistent behavioral traits. A personality trait is a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations.
The behavioral difference among people that are in similar situations – how distinctive it is.
3) Extraversion and neuroticism
Extraversion:
High Extraversion scores signify that a person is outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, assertive, and gregarious. Some trait models refer to this as positive emotionality.
Neuroticism:
High Neuroticism scores signify that a person is anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable - some models call this negative emotionality.
4) Conscientiousness
Conscientious people are diligent, disciplined, well organized, punctual, and dependable. Some models refer to this trait as constraint, related to high productivity in a variety of occupational areas
5) Id and superego
Freud divided personality into 3 components - the id, the ego, and the superego.
The id is the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification and engages in primary-process thinking (primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented).
The superego is the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong…the superego emerges out of the ego at around 3-5 years of age.
Like the ego, the superego operates at all three levels of awareness.
6) Preconscious
The pre-conscious contains thoughts just beneath the surface, while the conscious is what you are aware of.

7) Freud and personal control of mind

8) Unconscious
According to Freud, the id exists in the unconscious level of awareness. The unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness.

9) Defense mechanism
Most notably used by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic theory, a defense mechanism is a tactic developed by the ego to protect against anxiety. Defense mechanisms are thought to safeguard the mind against feelings and thoughts that are too difficult for the conscious mind to cope with. In some instances, defense mechanisms are thought to keep inappropriate or unwanted thoughts and impulses from entering the conscious mind.
The series of largely unconscious Freudian reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety or guilt

10) Reaction formation (show opposite of what you feel)
Behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s true feelings
Example - A parent who unconsciously resents a child spoils the child with outlandish gifts.

11) Defense mechanism as self-deception (denying the obvious Rationalism)
Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior

12) Oedipal complex
The unresolved desire of a child for sexual gratification through the parent of the opposite sex, especially the desire of a son for hismother. This involves, first, identification with and, later, hatred for the parent of the same sex, who is considered by the child as a rival.

13) Latency stage (5 to puberty.. what you are interested in)
The latency stage is when sexual impulses are suppressed, allowing the child to focus on the development of social and technological skills.

14) Fixation (Attach to it for a long time)
-Fixation refers to a persistent focus of the id’s pleasure-seeking energies on an earlier stage of psychosexual development. A fixation occurs when an issue or conflict in a psychosexual stage remains unresolved, leaving the individual focused on this stage and unable to move onto the next. Individuals with an
Show More

Related Documents: Essay on Psychology Test Study Guide

KINES 112 1st STUDY GUIDE Essay

KINES 112: Sport and Exercise Psychology Spring 2015 First Midterm Study Guide Overview and Chapter 1 ● Primary roles of the sport psychology professional and the contributions of Coleman Griffith to the field of sport psych in each of the three areas ○ The primary roles: ■ conducting research ● Griffith conducted extensive research with the Chicago Cubs during the 1938 season ● Griffith, 1925 University of Illinois research in athletics laboratory is established. Appointed director. Developed a research lab and did systematic study and…

Words 2686 - Pages 11

sex and gender studies Essay

This study guide will help you prepare for the test but it does not guarantee that you will get an A. I may forget to put material on the study guide that will appear on the test; however this guide covers the vast majority of material on the test. Know how to differentiate these concepts from each other and apply them to solve problems. Hone your knowledge by answering the questions below. According to evolutionary psychologists, why are there psychological gender differences? How are evolutionary…

Words 454 - Pages 2

Chapter 1 Essay

Chapter 1. Discovering Psychology. Study Guide. Sergio Martin  Explain AUTISM and discuss SAVANT characteristics. Autism: Autism is an abnormal or impaired development in social interactions. They usually avoid eye contact, they don’t like to be touched and or try to avoid people. Is marked by difficulties in communicating, such as grave problems in developing spoken language or in initiating conversations. Savant: Savant syndrome is a condition in which a person demonstrates profound and…

Words 459 - Pages 2

Essay on Psych: Psychology and Projective Tests

According to Freud, personality is includes the following three components: Id- This primitive, puerile part of the personality seeks pleasure and instant gratification, ignoring possible consequences. Ego- The rational part of personality, the ego guides a person through life and enables him or her to make good choices. Super-ego- This is the opposite of the id; it is the moral aspect of personality, and it allows a person to experience guilt. These three parts of the personality work together…

Words 1173 - Pages 5

Informational Interview

An informational interview in psychology serves as a guide for the practitioner to gather information and data in order to help meet the needs of a client. It is used as a method of assessment in psychology. Psychological interviews are conducted for many reasons such as assessing the history of a client, needs, symptoms, potential dangers and how to treat the client. Interviews are a form of gathering information. An interview will consist of one on one conversation between the client and the practitioner…

Words 607 - Pages 3

Final Study Guide Psycho 101 Essay

Introduction to Psychology Final Exam: Study Guide The following list contains some key things that you may wish to focus your studying on for the final exam. These are the concepts/theories most likely to turn up on the exam. This is however, not an exhaustive list! I cannot guarantee that everything on the exam is listed on this study guide. Review your notes, read the textbook, and practice writing out essay questions answers. Good luck studying! Part 1 * Psychologiesis the…

Words 2071 - Pages 9

Essay on history 1

Association of Various Theories thru Psychology Abstract What exists of a man? Are we emotional being set out to destroy ourselves? Or are we truly individuals looking for solutions to assist us in our everyday life. Psychology has attempted to answers how we cope with commonplace problems by examining overt and conventional behaviors throughout the years. History enables humanity to gain, understand and accept the past as create a better future. Psychology is an evolutionary field. Years of…

Words 3502 - Pages 15

Summary Of Stanley Milgram's Obedience Study

The obedience study by Stanley Milgram had made an extremely influence in the psychology. He studies how eager the human will try to obey authorities and instructions. Milgram had established that 65 percent of his research subjects had followed orders with the experimenter and administered the highest shock possible to a learner, even when they were uncomfortable in doing so (Milgram, 1963). In psychology, this result had made an extreme contribution. There were so many question on his experiment…

Words 1154 - Pages 5

Essay on Ss124 Project 1

you then can develop a hypothesis to the outcome of your question. A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study. [1] With all that said, my question is pretty simple. I am going to pick only two types of new phones to do my research question on and that is, “would an iPhone user choose the new Galaxy S4 over their iPhone or the new iPhone 5?” Now for the hypothesis…

Words 1420 - Pages 6

Psychology: Psychology and Operant Conditioning- Reinforcement Essay examples

Modern Approaches 09.06.11 Practicalities – discussion of class study strategies Warm-up – see activity sheet Introspection Advantages: Disadvantages: Functionalism - Influences on Functionalism - Charles Darwin - Phylogenetic development and continuity - Adaptation (variation and selection)
 - Francis Galton - Applied Darwin’s theory to the human mind - Studies of Eminence, mental capacity, individual differences, quantitative…

Words 513 - Pages 3