Research essay

Submitted By Vanessababyy
Words: 2470
Pages: 10

With the development of medical science, a substantial number of individuals have benefited after the introduction of vaccination, especially for children. However, various disputes over routine childhood immunisation still exist, debating whether or not routine childhood immunisation should become mandatory under the potential risks of severe diseases, even though it prevents children from suffering pain of vaccine-preventable diseases. For the purpose of debates, the term “routine childhood immunisation” can be defined as the medical method of preventing patients who are in infancy from infectious disease, such as MMR. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages brought about by routine childhood immunisation. It will discuss that routine childhood immunisation is able to decrease the occurrence of vaccine-preventable diseases among children and will bring a variety of benefits to the public. However, on the other hand, this essay will also discuss the potential risks of daily childhood vaccination.

Initially, the routine childhood immunisation dramatically benefited the health of children, resulting in a decline of incidence and torment from diseases. After accepting the vaccine, children are able to receive the immunity which can assist them in triumphing over the disease from which it may bring a substantial pain. Research by Isaacs and Kilham(2004) states that 50000 of the 1.4 million students are dislodged from school due to the outbreak of measles in Los Angeles County in 1977 and the majority of students recovered quickly after accepting the vaccine. It is clearly shown that patients are able to recuperate own health with the help of vaccine in urgent situations, including children as well. For example, after the Hiv vaccine brought into routine childhood immunisation in Kenya, the rate of Hiv disease has declined to 12% which reach its basic degree among individuals younger than 5 years (Cowgill et al.,1990).Furthermore, according to the United States measles surveillance, (as cited in Salmon, Haber, Gangarosa, Phillip, Smith, & Chen,1999) from 1985 to 1992, individuals exempted from vaccine were 35 times more likely to get vaccine-preventable diseases than vaccinated individuals. From these evidences presented it can be concluded that children not only benefits from routine vaccination with proof of immunity, but are also able to avoid vaccine-preventable disease which in return decreases the opportunity of sickness and benefits their body physically.

Furthermore, immunisation not only benefits children but also the community. The majority of children in the society gain the advantage of routine vaccination resulting in promotion of the public health. Omer, Salmon, Orenstein, de Hart and Halsey (2009) states that many research indicate that the congeries of individuals rejecting immunisation geographically will contribute to high rates of sickness. For example, Isaac, et al (2004) found that in Colorado, school children not being vaccinated are highly likely to get measles and pertussis at the same time there are potential pertussis outbreaks with a high rate of unvaccinated children. According to Community Preventive Services(as cited in Salmon, Teret, MacIntyre, Salisbury, Burgess, and Halsey ,2006), with the analysis of public-health interventions, these evidence proved that the fall of vaccine-preventable disease and increased rate of coverage are provided by immunisation requirement effectively. Due to the introduction of immunisation into public society, herd immunity has become a common concept when it is accompanied with routine immunisation. This is supported by Isaac, et al (2004), herd immunity can be defined as a disease that will be no longer flow in society once a specific percentage of a population are able to resist diseases by vaccination or infection. For example, according to Mesazaros, Acsh, Baron, Hershey, Kunreuther and Schwartz-Buzaglo (cited in Vietri, Li, Galvani, and