Science: Cell and Membrane Bound Organelles Essay

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Cell Theory- All living things made of cells, basic unit of structure/function of all life, all come from preexisting cells.
Hooke-made compound light microscope
Leeuwenhoek- made simple microscope to determine quality of cloth, looked at pond water, blood, sperm-to find reproductive processes.
Schleiden- Botanist, claimed all plants made of cells
Schwann- Zoologist, claimed all animals made of cells
Virchow- studied bacteria, claimed all cells come from preexisting cells
Cell Diversity- Size(Macroscopic/microscopic), shape (determines function), internal organization (organelles) Prokaryotic cells: no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, simple (ex. Bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells: Nucleus, membrane bound organelles, complex (any cell but bacteria)
Cell Membrane: Made of phospholipids and proteins, for protection and is selectively semi-permeable (picky)
Outside is hydrophilic(head), inside is hydrophobic(tentacles)
Integral protein: protein goes through membrane
Peripheral protein: protein is outside or inside the cell

Multicellular organization 1. Cell- basic unit of all life 2. Tissue- similar cells with same function 3. Organ- Different tissue with same function 4. Organ system- different organs with same function

Passive transport
-movement of molecules high to low conc./requires no energy
-Osmosis- H20 molecules going through semi-permiable membrane
-Diffusion- ANY molecule travels high to low
-Facilitated Diffusion- transport proteins aids movement of molecule (if molecule too big, if polar,
And speeds up process) (protein is specific)
-Ion channels- use transport proteins as channels to bring/remove ions, some always open, others
Open with chemical or electrical stimuli

Active transport
-Requires energy/moves molecules low conc. to high against conc, gradient
-Pump- (na+K+ pump) requires

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