Skin and Arrector Pili Muscles Essay

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Objective 1. Name the tissue types composing the epidermis and dermis. List the major layers of each and describe the functions of each layer.
1. Name the type of tissue composing the epidermis and the types of tissue composing the dermis.

2. List the 5 major layers of the epidermis and describe the functions of each layer.

3. List the 2 major layers of the dermis and describe the functions of each layer.

4. Be able to identify each major skin structure labeled on Figure 4.1.

Objective 2.a. Describe the factors that normally contribute to skin color.
5. Name and briefly describe three types of skin markings or skin injuries which can change skin color.

6. List the three pigments which normally contribute to skin color and describe the normal effect of each pigment on the color of the skin.

Objective 2.b. Briefly describe how changes in skin color may be used as clinical signs of certain disease states.
7. Explain what blueness, redness, blanching, yellowness, and bronzing of the skin can tell us about a person’s health and know the technical terms for each of these types of skin color change.

Objective 3. List the parts of a hair follicle and explain the function of each part. Also describe the functional relationship of arrector pili muscles to the hair follicles.
8. List the parts of the hair follicle and explain the function of each part.

9. Describe the functional relationship between arrector pili muscles and the hair follicles.

Objective 4.a. Name the regions of a hair.
10. Be able to identify the three main layers of a hair as shown on Figures 5.5a-5.5d

Objective 4.b. Explain the basis of hair color.
11. List the pigments which normally contribute to hair color and describe each one’s effect on hair color, then describe two possible causes of hair turning white or gray.

Objective 4.c. Describe the distribution, growth, replacement, and changing nature of hair during the life span.
12. In regards to vellus hair and terminal hair, describe where on the body each type is distributed.

13. Name two factors which affect hair growth and tell whether growth of individual hairs is continuous or sporadic. Also tell whether losing almost 100 scalp hairs per day is normal or abnormal, and explain the difference between alopecia and true (frank) baldness.

Objective 5. Describe the structure of nails.
14. Be able to identify the main structures of a nail on a diagram similar to Figure 5.6.

Objective 6. Compare the structure and locations of sweat and oil glands. Also compare the composition and functions of their secretions.
15. Describe the structure and location of sweat glands (sudoriferous glands) AND describe the structure and location of oil glands (sebaceous glands).

16. Describe the composition and function of sweat gland secretions (aka sweat) AND describe the composition and function of oil gland secretions (aka oil).

Objective 7. Compare and contrast eccrine and apocrine glands.
17. What are the similarities and differences between eccrine glands and apocrine glands?
Eccrine glands are abundant on palms, soles, and forehead, ducts connect to pore.
Aprocrine glands

Objective 8. Describe how the skin accomplishes at least five different functions.
18. List six functions of the skin and describe how the skin accomplishes each one.
Protection:
Body temperature regulation:
Cutaneous sensation: detect temperature, touch and pain
Metabolic functions: Synthesis of vitamin D precursor and collagenase
Blood reservoir: Up to 5% of body’s blood volume
Excretion: nitrogenous waste and salt in sweat

Objective 9. Summarize the characteristics of the three major types of skin cancers.
19. List the three major types of skin cancer, tell how dangerous each one is, how common each one is, and how each one is usually treated.

Basal cell carcinoma- least danger, most common, cured by
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