Treatments for NAFLD include lifestyle changes that incorporates exercise and diet along with pharmacological agents used to alleviate steatosis and NASH. Vitamin E and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), has demonstrated efficacy in treatment of NAFLD. TZDs act by activating perioxisome proliferator-activated receptors, a group of nuclear receptors. Endogenous ligands for these receptors are free fatty acids and eicosanoids, when activated, bind to DNA in complex with retinoid X receptor increasing transcription of a number of genes involved in insulin resistance decrease, adipocyte differentiation modification, angiogenesis inhibition, leptin decrease, decrease in certain ILs,…show more content… Sorafenib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that binds to the active site of receptor tyrosine kinase and preventing phosphorylation which inhibits cytostatic activity. Surgical resection removes abnormal tissue. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a minimally invasive procedure that restricts a tumor’s blood supply through injecting small embolic particles with chemotherapeutic agents directly into the artery supplying the tumor. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used to ablate dysfunctional tissue using heat generated from a high frequency alternating current. Liver transplantation is the last line treatment but has significant drawbacks in the number of compatible livers available as well as the use of immunosuppressive drugs that may cause tumors to relapse.…show more content… Stem cell-based therapies may reduce liver inflammation and subsequently improve scarring and replenish hepatocytes. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown promise based on their ability to not only differentiate into cells of mesodermal lineage and other embryonic lineages, but also function to mediate immune modulation in vivo. Administration has been found to be well tolerated and conferred beneficial effects in patients with liver failure by enhancing liver function in a clinical
