For the first argument Katznelson presents two different takes on the presidency. The views of Walter Lippmann and William James. Lippmann’s ideas focus on extraconstitutional proposals, and the idea that the president is best qualified to handled problems outside the traditional scope of what a country might face. To this extent, it is argued in times of crisis that a president can stretch the meaning of the constitution, as long as the form doesn’t change. James’ ideas are similar but with a distinct focus on war. James noted that war, for right or wrong, galvanizes people to take action by a “fear regime.” James sought to prevent this outcome by seeking peaceful alternatives that appealed to the same feelings of civic honor and collective discipline that war did.…show more content… His uses the language of James in his inaugural address, with the most memorable line of “fear itself” showing strong similarity to James point about a “Fear regime.” Roosevelt also uses many of Lippmann’s ideas in practice. Roosevelt states “Should Congress not act promptly and decisively… I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis — broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergent, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.” The request for power equal to that of wartime power is an intentional word choice on Roosevelt's part. This power is relevant to Roosevelt in terms of the recent wartime history in WWI as well as the similarities this power has to authoritarian regimes. Katznelson draws reference to another scholar when calling this concept “presidential
