A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits, known as monomers. Because of their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene (or Styrofoam) to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of…
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Andrew Carlson 4/8/14 B Macromolecule Lab Introduction: A macromolecule is a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer. Benedict is used as a test for the presence of reducing sugars. Lipids are nonplolar molecules that are not solable in water. A protein is a chain of molecules linked together called amino acids linked together like pearls on a neckless. Carbs are large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of carbon, hydrogen…
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Zaid S. Lewis 10/28/2014 Microbiology A New Molecule of Life Review A synthetic molecule called peptide nucleic acid (PNA) combines the information-storage properties of DNA with the chemical stability of a protein like backbone. Drugs based on PNA would achieve therapeutic effects by binding to specific base sequences of DNA or RNA, repressing or promoting the corresponding gene. A Triple stranded DNA is a structure of DNA in which three oligonucleotides wind around each other and form a triple…
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or flies or insects in amber….) Viral, 'phage DNA in growth medium By mail from other researchers or research centers Break open cell (Osmotic pressure, detergent, mechanical, enzymes) Remove low molecular weight materials and other macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, RNA). Proteinase K degrades protein Phenol extraction removes protein Dnase-free RNAse degrades RNA Ethanol precipitation removes low molecular wt. material Alternatively, selectively pull out the DNA (&…
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Cancer is a genetic disease because it can be traced to alteration within specific genes, but in most cases, it is not an inherited disease. The genetic alterations that lead to most cancers arise in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of a somatic cell during the lifetime of affected individual. Because of these genetic changes, cancer cells proliferate uncontrollably, producing malignant tumour that invade surrounding healthy tissue. As long as the growth of tumour remains localized, the disease can…
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Vocab Genetic diversity: the level of biodiversity, refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species Species diversity: is the effective number of different species that are represented in a collection of individuals Structural Diversity: is the divisions in a community that result from having many different physical characteristics Protista: free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes, diverse group of eukaryotic…
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1. Two or more atoms form a molecule: true 2. What body structure is formed from other tissue types? Organ 3. A compartmentalized structure in a cell formed from large macromolecules is called what? Organelle 4. Types of cells having similar function are called what? Tissue 5. All species living in a certain area is called what? Community 6. “if the experiment results do not support your hypothesis, then you should redesign your hypothesis and start the process again”: true 7. The cell is the…
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Unit 1: Cell Biology Introduction to Cells Outline: Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells which: are surround by a membrane contain genetic material perform enzyme-catalyzed reactions can harness and use energy to power activities This was proven by biologists who, through microscopes, were able to see that all living things contained cells, albeit various types. 2. Cells are the smallest unit of life. Viruses were thought to be living, and thus would make them the smallest unit…
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Biochemistry From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the incredible complexity of life. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures…
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Background The cell is filled with a myriad of chemical reactions happening simultaneously that work to ensure its survival. Some of these reactions are exergonic, meaning they release energy and occur spontaneously. They occur spontaneously because the products of the reaction have a lower free energy than the reactants. The free energy of a reaction is how much of the energy in the reaction's system is free to do work. When the reaction occurs, the free energy that was stored in the reactants…
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