Since the end of the Civil War and with the end of subjugation, white southerners battled to "keep Nigras in their place." Although the expulsion of government troops from the South in 1877 as a major aspect of the Hayes Compromise made this much less demanding, southern whites kept on searching for supposed "lawful signifies" of returning African-Americans to their past sub-par status. With the sanctioning of the "Granddad Clause" starting in 1895, which successfully disappointed a huge number of southern Negroes, and the 1896 Supreme Court administering on account of Plessy v. Ferguson, which authorized the division of the races in all parts of regular life, white southerners found that state constitutions could be utilized to fortify their
