Thyroid Gland Research Paper

The thyroid gland is a vital part of the endocrine system in the human body. It is directed at maintaining homeostasis and controlling basal metabolic rate. The thyroid is in the neck below the larynx forming a bow-tie shape around the trachea. This gland secretes thyroid hormones and has influence on almost every organ in the human body. In addition, the thyroid gland develops from endoderm and is associated with the pharyngeal gut. This gland is also highly vascularized to aid in circulation of thyroid hormones. To initiate production of the thyroid hormone the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus begins to secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Thyrotropin releasing hormone projects into the median eminence, which connects the hypothalamus to …show more content…
This disease affects twenty-five million Americans and is more common in women. Also, juvenile hypothyroidism may lead to retarded mental and physical development. However, it is most commonly seen in adults. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a sluggish metabolic rate and in extreme cases myxedema, slowing down of mental and physical activity. The symptoms may include sleepiness, loss of memory, coarse skin, goiter, depression, increase in weight, sensitivity to cold, and potential hair loss. However, the most severe cases occur in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Because thyroid hormone is vital for normal growth and neural development, a major reduction in this hormone will lead to cretinism, dwarfism and mental retardation. Unfortunately, if this disease is not detected early the developmental changes will be permanent. There is a myriad of causes of this condition ranging from primary failure of the thyroid gland to inadequate supply of iodine in the diet. Fortunately, all hypothyroidism may be treated with oral medication to replace the hormone; however, dosing adjustments will be required to find the ideal dose for each

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