Toulmin’s Model of Argument Essay

Submitted By japslappa

Words: 420

Pages: 2

Open Document

Toulmin’s Model of Argument
Key components:
DATA
Anything offered by the message source in support of the claim
CLAIM
Conclusion that the message source wants the audience to accept
WARRANT
Belief or value that explains the step from data to the claim
Often unstated
Message Sidedness
One-sided messages
Contain only supporting arguments
Two-sided messages (non-refutational)
Address supporting arguments while acknowledging (but not refuting) opposing arguments
Two-sided (refutational) messages
Not only recognizes opposing viewpoints, but also refute them
Prospect Theory and Message Framing
Also called “gain-loss” theory
Makes predictions about responses to risk
Central tenant:
Individuals are risk-seeking in the domain of losses, but risk-averse in the domain of gains
Prospect theory can be applied to message framing Message framing involves characterizing a risk in terms of gains or losses Gains include achieving a positive outcome or avoiding an undesirable outcome
Losses include incurring a negative outcome or not achieving a desirable outcome Messages can be framed positively in terms of gains or negatively in terms of losses
Two key prescriptions:
When behavioral choices involve risk or uncertainty, people will be more likely to take these risk when information is negatively framed
Framed in terms of losses or costs
When changes do not involve risk, messages should be positively framed
Framed in terms of gains
Negative Framing
Loss-framed message
Emphasize attaining an undesirable outcome or not attaining a desirable outcome—both costly
Positive Framing
Gain-framed message
Emphasize attaining a desirable outcome or avoiding an undesirable outcome—both beneficial
Language Vividness
What is vividness?
Vivid information is: emotionally interesting concrete and imagery-provoking proximate in a

Why Looks Are The Last Bastion Of Discrimination

anti-discrimination laws after proving that the United States’ bias towards more attractive people severely impacts one’s ability to qualify for jobs and other opportunities. “Why Looks are the Last Bastion of Discrimination” effectively makes Rhode’s argument by utilizing Aristotle’s…

Words 671 - Pages 3

Toulmin Model Analysis Essay

Name: Course: Professor: Date: Toulmin Model Analysis Stephen Toulmin, a philosopher, developed Toulim Model as a method for analyzing a persuasive argument. There are five parts of the model, namely: claim, backing, warrant, qualifier, ground and rebuttal. A claim represents the statement that needs to be accepted as true. Grounds entail the actual persuasion using data, facts, and some reasoning skills. Warrant combines data and other grounds to defend a claim. Backing offers support to the warrant…

Words 546 - Pages 3

Essay outline

opponent." This is why one refers to the "manner of delivery." Lab 2: Steven Toulmin’s Classical argument http://web.cn.edu/Kwheeler/documents/Toulmin.pdf Toulmin Model of Argument: The twentieth-century British philosopher Stephen Toulmin noticed that good, realistic arguments typically will consist of six parts. He used these terms to describe the items. Data: The facts or evidence used to prove the argument Claim: The statement being argued (a thesis) Warrants: The general, hypothetical…

Words 932 - Pages 4

Rhetoric Of Slavery

center of his argument is that, since Abraham Lincoln, the most important speech on American slavery was uttered by President George W. Bush at Goree Island, Senegal. There are strong themes of justice, commerce, time, eternity, among many others that accentuate the importance of this speech regarding slavery. This essay, introduces Vernon K. Robbins’s “five ways to read… the “texture of texts”” which Medhurst uses to structure his essay as well (Medhurst 259). In addition, Toulmin’s Model is used throughout…

Words 571 - Pages 3

Essay Critical Thinking

Catherine Brinner April 9, 2012 Abstract The challenge for critical thinking instruction lies not in convincing people of its value but in developing a model of what to teach and how to teach it. Toulmin's model provides a useful framework for students to examine the ability of an argument to justify rather than prove a point. Utilizing this model can make critical thinking the very means by which students construct knowledge. Critical Thinking Debating, questioning, analyzing, searching for evidence-all…

Words 1185 - Pages 5

Drinking Water Rhetorical Analysis

Drinking water, in this Ted talk, makes it clear that it expresses its attitudes, due to the good use of the arguments. She gets conveyed her positions using different rhetorical means. In the debate, there are many allegations, and for that reason you can use Toulmin's argumentation model to get an insight into the reasoning. In the ted talk she uses a lot of sarcasm, which is also why she manages to get through her audience. Drinkwater uses pathos when she says:” We live in a culture where being…

Words 382 - Pages 2

Rhetoric and Information Gathering Interview Essay

Study Guide—Final Exam Multiple choice and T/F questions only; 80 points Group communication (Ch. 14—on conflict, 15, 16, notes, handouts, D2L documents) What is the definition of a small group which constitutes a project team? What are the characteristics of small groups? What are the systems principles that apply to small group communication (Pp on D2L) The four phases of decision making (the names and characteristics; the fact that they occur several times in the course…

Words 1086 - Pages 5

Analysis: Waste and St. Albert Councilor Essay

Rationale for this assignment: You’ve been working with a variety of tools to help you assess and construct arguments and opinions. The more you apply these tools, the more proficient you become at spotting weak arguments and constructing strong ones. This assignment provides you with another opportunity to practice applying the tools to both the analysis and construction of arguments. The assignment also provides you with practice in these key analysis skill areas: critical reading, critical…

Words 1570 - Pages 7

Speech Final Essay

In his pregame speech before a big game, against an even bigger opponent the new head coach of the Marshall Football team brings his players out to an emotional grave setting where six unidentified members of the 1970 Marshall team laid after being murdered by a terrible plane crash which killed the entire team. He explains to his player’s the significance of where they were and tells them that its part of their past; he states, “This is where we have been, how we got here, this is who we are today…

Words 1296 - Pages 6

Rhetorical Analysis of Obama Speech Essay

Literatures and Foreign Languages Let Us Learn and Resource Together 23 November 2008 Rhetorical Analysis of “A More Perfect Union” Speech The speech titled “A More Perfect Union” was delivered by Senator Barack Obama on March 18, 2008 near the historical site of the signing of the U.S. Constitution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The speech responds to the video clip of Barack Obama’s pastor, Reverend Jeremiah Wright, making racially charged comments against America and Israel. The pundits…

Words 2705 - Pages 11