What Is Napoleon's Perception Of The War In Spain

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The military campaigns of November 1808–January 1809 set the pattern of operations for the whole of the next two years. Called away from Spain by the prospects of a new war with Austria, Napoleon never returned to the peninsular, instead direction his various commanders, most notably marshals Andre Massena, Nicolas Soult, Michel Ney, and Claude Perrin Victor – to consolidate French authority in Spain. Yet the brilliant results of a brief winter campaign skewed his perceptions of the war in the peninsula. All through the next five year he underestimated the challenges of local terrain, logistics and popular resistance, and frequently gave instructions to his generals compliance with which was physically impossible. In hindsight, one can see