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LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION

Introduction
Chapter 1

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION

Overview
 Importance of Leadership
 Leadership Defined

- Ways of conceptualizing leadership
- Definition and components
 Leadership Described

- Trait vs. process
- Assigned vs. emergent
- Leadership and power
- Leadership and coercion
- Leadership and management

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
The Evolution of Leadership Definitions
 1900-1929 – Control and centralization of power
 1930s – Trait approach
 1940s – Group approach
1950s – Group theory, shared goals, and

effectiveness

 1960s – Leadership as behavior
 1970s – Organizational behavior
Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

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LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
The Evolution of Leadership Definitions
 1980s – Explosion of research

- Leader’s will
- Influence
- Traits
- Transformation
 21st century – Complexity of leadership

Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

4

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
Conceptualizing Leadership
Some definitions view leadership as:
 The focus of group processes
 A personality perspective
 An act or behavior
 The power relationship between leaders

& followers

 A transformational process
 A skills perspective
Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

5

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
Leadership Defined

Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.
Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

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LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
Components Central to the Phenomenon of
Leadership
Leadershi p Is a process

Leaders


And followers are involved together

 Occurs within a



And followers need each other  Attends to



Often initiate and maintain the relationship



Are not above or better than followers



 Involves influence

group context

common goals

Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

7

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION

Leadership Described
 Trait vs. Process Leadership
 Assigned vs. Emergent Leadership
 Leadership and Power
 Leadership and Coercion
 Leadership and Management

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
Trait vs. Process Leadership
 Certain individuals

have special innate characteristics or qualities that differentiate them from nonleaders.
 Resides in select

people
 Restricted to those with inborn talent
Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

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LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
Trait vs. Process Leadership
 Leadership is a

property or set of properties possessed in varying degrees by different people
(Jago, 1982).
 Observed in

leadership behaviors
 Can be learned

Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

10

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
Assigned vs. Emergent Leadership
Assigned
 Leadership based

on occupying a position within an organization  Team leaders
 Plant managers
 Department

heads
 Directors

Emergent

An individual perceived by others as the most influential member of a group or organization regardless of the individual’s title
 Emerges over time through

communication behaviors
• Verbal involvement
• Being informed
• Seeking others’ opinions
• Being firm but not rigid
 Affected by personality and gender

Northouse - Leadership Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition © 2012 SAGE Publications, Inc.

11

LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE SIXTH EDITION
Leadership & Power
Power

Bases of Social Power
French & Raven (1959)

 The capacity or

potential to influence.
 Ability to affect

others’ beliefs, attitudes, & actions
Power is a
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