A&P Science Essay

Submitted By kulsoomc
Words: 4954
Pages: 20
Open Document
Integumentary System- (Chapter 5) Integument = “covering” ~16% of body mass: ~2 meter2. Composed of: 1. Cutaneous membrane: A. Epidermis - superficial epithelium B. Dermis - underlying CT w/ blood supply 2. Accessory structures A. Hair B. Nails C. Exocrine glands Functions: 1. Protect underlying tissues from infection, exposure and dehydration. 2. Excrete salts, water, and organic waste. 3. Maintain normal body temp (conserve and radiate heat). 4. Synthesize Vitamin D3 for calcium metabolism. 5. Store nutrients (fat). 6. Sensory detection: touch, pressure, pain, and temp. Epidermis (on handout). The corrugated border between dermis and epidermis helps bond epidermis to dermis (increased surface area for attachment). In thick skin epidermal ridges show on the surface as fingerprints: function to enhance gripping. Epidermis water resistant but not water proof: Insensible perspiration = water loss through. epidermis: ~500ml (1 pint) / day (more if damaged, e.g. burn). Callus = thickening of epidermis, due to repeat friction. Blister = separation of epidermal layers or epidermis from dermis, space fills with interstitial fluid.. Skin Color Pigment based: epidermal pigments and blood pigments contribute to the color. 1. Epidermal Pigmentation: A. Carotene: yellow-orange, from diet -converted into Vitamin A, -localized to epithelium, -functions in normal maintenance of epithelia and photoreceptors, -excess accumulates in stratum corneum. B. Melanin: brown, from melanocytes: -for UV protection. Melanocytes: in stratum basale: -synthesize melanin from tyrosine (amino acid), -packaged in melanosomes, -transferred to cytoplasm of keratinocytes ,-cluster around top side of nucleus, -eventually digested by lysosomes. Everyone has ~1000 melanocytes /mm2: -pale people: small melanosomes, present only in stratum basale and spinosum, -dark people: larger, greater number of melanosomes, retained up through stratum granulosum. Freckle = overproduction of melanin from single melanocyte UV exposure:-some needed for Vitamin D3 production, -excess = damage (DNA mutation), -fibroblasts ! altered CT structure, wrinkles, -epidermal cells, melanocytes ! cancers: squamous cell carcinoma melanoma 2. Dermal Circulation: hemoglobin pigment -oxygenated blood = red color, hemoglobin in RBCs, through skin looks pink *vasodilation ! skin looks more red *vasoconstriction ! skin looks more pale, -Cyanosis = low oxygen, blood deep purple, skin appears blue/purple results from low temp, heart failure, asthma. Abnormal skin color: -Jaundice: liver fails to excrete bile, accumulates in skin, yellow. -Addison’s Disease: pituitary secretes excess adrenocorticotropic hormone, stimulates melanocytes, excess melanin, bronzing. -Albinism: genetic mutation in melanin biosynthesis pathway, lack pigmentation in skin, hair and eyes. -Vitiligo: autoimmune disease ! destruction of melanocytes. Vitamin D3 Production:Cells of stratum spinosum and basale. UV energy + cholesterol = Vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 used by kidney to synthesize the hormone calcitriol. Calcitriol necessary to signal small intestine to absorb calcium. No VitD ! no calcitriol ! no calcium absorption ! weak bones. Dermis (on handout) Collagen fibers from reticular layer blend into papillary and subcutaneous layers to attach integument to body: -wrinkles = dermis stretched beyond its elastic capacity, collagen fibers damaged. -stretch marks = collagen & elastic fibers torn. -collagen & elastin fibers arranged in parallel bundles aligned to resist the expected direction of force = lines of cleavage. -cuts parallel to lines of cleavage will heal faster and with less scar than those perpendicular. Dermis highly vascularized: must “feed” itself and epidermis above. Contusion = bruise, trauma that ruptures blood vessels but does not break skin, blood pools in dermis and must be removed by phagocytes (slow process). Sensory perception in integument: Skin highly innervated for sensory perception, mostly in dermis: 1.
Show More

Related Documents: A&P Science Essay

Abstarct And Research Paper For Science Fair P Ject

ABSTRACT Our experiment is designed to determine if white candles burn at a faster or slower rate than colored candles. . Simultaneously, we also included a candle made of beeswax. This beeswax candle was included to see if a natural beeswax candle would burn faster or slower quicker than the synthetic paraffin wax candle. We will use candles of the same size and shape and manufactured by the same company. They will be lighted at the same time and the temperature of the room will not change.…

Words 955 - Pages 4

Essay on 160 15 W 6 Ob Nature Of Science

edu/index.php 1. What is the name of this website? Understanding Science how science really works 2. Who produced the site? (Click “About” on the bottom of the home page.) The UC museum of paleontology of the university of California at Berkeley 3. Why was this site produced? (What is its mission?) The Understanding Evolution project 4. Who funded development of this site? The health of the U.S. economy 5. What is the National Science Foundation? Grant No. EAR-0624436. Any opinions, findings and conclusions…

Words 785 - Pages 4

Chinese Astronomy Essay

found among the Shang oracle bones.”5 “Observation of celestial events and making of 1 http://www.china.org.cn/e-gudai/6.htm, p.1 2 Chris Mihos, http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced/pre20th_ancients_others.html, p. 2 3 Chris Mihos, http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced/pre20th_ancients_others.html, p.1 4 http://www.china.org.cn/e-gudai/6.htm, p.1 5 Ho Peng Yoke, Modern Scholarship of the history of Chinese Astronomy (Australia, 1977), Introduction calendars both…

Words 772 - Pages 4

A Brief Note On SBU Transit Map

SBU Transit Map - Service Level B, C & D A B D C E G F To Stony Brook Village .R. L.I.R 25A No 1 P d Ci Cir Natural Meadow Softball cle Recreation Fields ad Varsity Tennis Courts Circl e Ro ad Kenneth P. LaValle Athletic Stadium 3 Gym Roa d n S. Toll Drive Joh Van de Graaff Accelerator Math Tower e John S. Toll Dr iv T No West Apartment B Complex A Driv e Circ Roth Quad le R oad Keller College Drive velt Greeley College Bioengineering Laufer Center e…

Words 3031 - Pages 13

Bad Blood Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Summary

told them that they came for 'bad blood' test (Fourtner and Herried, 2000, P.2). None of these people who were under the treatment knew the true objective of the study. They were thinking that they are receiving treatment because of bad blood and also the people under experiment never knew about the side effects of the treatment and…

Words 1062 - Pages 5

Nature of Science Essay

How does the current National Curriculum for science reflect my developing understanding of the Nature of Science? Initially I will introduce the different views regarding the nature of science. At the same time I will critically analyse the different views expressed in the literature and explain how it has influenced my developing understanding of science and education. Furthermore I intend to discuss my position on whether science is a set of value free facts or whether it is a creative, evolving…

Words 4316 - Pages 18

Rappaccini s Summative Assignment Essay

Rappaccini cares more about science than mankind. One reason being is that he experimented on Beatrice and Giovanni. In the poem, Beatrice says “the effect of my father’s fatal love of science, which estranged me from all society of my kind.”(P.289, Para. 5) This quote exposes that Beatrice never got to meet other people because she became poisonous from the plant that her father created. Professor Baglioni talks about Rappaccini saying “His patients are interesting to him only as subjects for…

Words 331 - Pages 2

Science As Falsification Summary

Jingyi Weng AST100-12804 In Science as Falsification by Karl R. Popper. Popper is characterized as curious. "Where should a theory be ranked as scientific?" Or "is there a criterion for the scientific character or status of a theory?" Although being a scientist, Popper still has confusion about the characteristic of scientific theory. He viewed and compared the topic with different perspectives. There are Astrology, the Marxist theory, Freud, Adler, and Einstein. Popper said that "It was…

Words 821 - Pages 4

Condorcet Vs Rousseau Essay

equality, education and progresses of science, technology and the arts.. They also had opposing ideas of the state of man. As such, not all Enlightenment thinkers had the same ideas of the modern world, and each believed something different to the next. The Enlightenment achieved the development of the modern world, and the search to know more about the society humans have created. Condorcet’s views of progress and freedom were reflected in his ideas of education, science and technology.…

Words 950 - Pages 4

In All His Endeavours Leonardo Favoured Innovation over Established Knowledge and the Traditions of His Craft. Essay examples

by the trends of the renaissance was intuitive, especially his understanding of colour. After his depiction of an angel in Verrocchio's studio ,Verrocchio vowed never paint colours again as Leonardo 'understood their use better than he did' (Vezzosi p.37). Leonardo's chose to use oil to paint his angel in Verrocchio's Baptism of Christ despite the rest being in the traditional tempera, showing a clearly headstrong nature, and a successful departure from tradition. Leonardo's first works are characteristic…

Words 1473 - Pages 6