Cohort A

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A study was completed to evaluate the effect of environmental pollen on rates of childhood asthma. Cohort A was recruited from a city with high average air pollen levels, and Cohort B from a low air pollen level city. A total of 1000 children ages 1 to 15 were included in each cohort, and were matched by age and other demographics. At the end of the observation period, data was collected for the overall incidence of asthma, as below: Asthma No asthma Total
Cohort A (high pollen) 100 900 1000
Cohort B (low pollen) 40 960 1000
Total subjects 125 1875 2000
Based on these results, what is the relative risk of developing asthma in cohort A compared to cohort B?
Answer choices:
A. 0.06
B. 0.1
C. 2.5
D. 2.7
E. 16.7
Answer
Choice "C" is the best answer. Relative risk is …show more content…
Attributable risk is calculated by subtracting the incidence rate in the control group from the incidence rate in the exposed group. It answers the question “how many more cases of the disease are attributable to the exposure?” For this set of data, AR = 60/1000.

Choice "B" is not the best answer. The incidence rate in cohort A is 100/1000, or 0.1. This value alone does not account for the increased risk compared to the subjects of cohort B.

Choice "D" is not the best answer. An odds ratio estimates the odds of having the underlying risk factor when comparing diseased and non-diseased groups. If an odds ratio were calculated using the above data it would be 2.7. However, this is not correct usage of the odds ratio, as it is reserved for case-control studies and is not used in cohort studies as in this case.

Choice "E" is not the best answer. The number needed to harm for this study is the reciprocal of the attributable risk, or 1000/60 = 16.7. This answers the question “how many subjects would need to be exposed in order to cause 1 more case of

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