Rival Causal Factor Analysis Paper

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According to researchers, the three essentials steps are necessary to attempt to resolve problems concerning the rival causal factors: demonstration of relationship, specification of time order and control for the situation. This article states that the experimental model is one of the most important means of control for the rival causal factor. This factor may be treated as factors affecting internal validity and those who are affected by eternal validity (Hagan, 2010). When dealing with external validity, which includes testing effects, selection bias, reactivity, and multiple treatment interference. External factors refer to rival causal factors that have negative effects in some of its finding to larger populations beyond certain groups
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