Congenital Cardiac Anomalies

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Out of all the different types of congenital cardiac anomalies, ventricular septal defects are recognized to be the most common type of congenital cardiac malformation. Studies have shown that ventricular septal defects accounts for up to 40% of all cardiac anomalies. However, the prevalence of ventricular septal defects is underestimated due to patients being asymptomatic and many anomalies close with time (Penny & Vick III, 2011). In fact, research has shown that spontaneous closure of most isolated ventricular septal defects at birth occurs between the ages of one and five years. (Jin, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, & Hou, 2012). Commonly known to exist in isolation, ventricular septal defects are also an intrinsic component associated with a wide

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