Female Circumcision Research Paper

As the world becomes globalized international ethics and rules applies. The globalization of western medicine continues to have a great impact on the rest of the world. As Western views about its own culture became naturalized and applied as a universal science category (Littlewood, cited in Summerfield 2004). This has not just changed cultural values of individuals who migrate to western countries but it also has had an impact on traditional cultures. For instance in Sweden and Norway legislations of female circumcision exist, while in Demark the practice is forbidden under the general code (Essen 2004, p. 611). This rule was implemented to prevent African immigrants from practicing rituals that are seen to be an act of crime, primitive, …show more content…
Such surgery should not be performed regardless of the individuals consent to receive this type of operation (Essen 2004, p. 612). This contradicts to the cosmetics genital surgery, which in the West is considerate normal; although it also involves cutting the skin to achieve the ideal look. Traditionally most of the girls born in Somalia would undergo infibulation before reaching puberty. The main purpose for the female circumcision is religious as well as requisite, for marriage (Essen 2004, p. 612). For those immigrants living in the western society, those cultural traditions become a controversy and many abandon the practice of it due to the fear of social authorities (Essen 2004, p. 612). However, the intervention of this tradition does not only apply to Western countries as this issue is also being taken to the country of origin. As the local’s have become a global concern and its “traditional practices” a “human rights violation” (Shell 2000, p. 1). The female circumcision is a very contradictory issue, which requires a deeper understanding of this culture conflict and whether the outcome of those practices affects other countries. (Deal with this …show more content…
As the search for alternative healing is becoming extremely popular, people around worlds are traveling to seek treatments. Primary due to high cost of treatments, long waiting list, believe of sacred places or treatment is not available in the current country (Connell 2006, p. 1094). One well known sighted for alternative healing is the Casa de Dom Inacio, located in Brazil. It is a healing center headed by the faith healer João de Deus, who practices spiritualism to treat his patients (Rocha 2006, p. 105). Citizens from all over the world come to the center. The procedure is divided into stages; firstly individuals are taken to the “current room” where people are gathering together to meditating. This room function as the energy chamber that links the mundane world with the sacred (Rocha 2006, p. 107). After that individual goes to a second current rooms where mediums and others people meditating is present to provide energy for healing for others or themselves (Rocha 2006, p. 107). Some people have reported to be operated in those rooms; the operations include open or invisible ones (Rocha 2006, p. 107). Although people travel to Casa de Dom Inacio for treatment, they would also take the opportunity to do some sightseeing. Globalization is a double benefit on both ends due to the fact that vast amounts of people travel to this destination to receive healing, but at the same time

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