Argumentative Analysis

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This article investigates if humans have an advantage for endurance running with the short phalangeal portion of the forefoot relative to body mass. Length of the toe in humans is thought to be positively correlated to flexor force output and mechanical work; by shortening them, there would be much less force output. Previously, it was thought that the small ratio of phalangeal to body mass was beneficial only to the evolution of bipedalism, but researchers suggest that the shorter toes may actually decrease force output and conserve metabolic energy, which would greatly benefit endurance running. Force output was measured in a group of people with varying phalangeal lengths, while they walked and ran barefoot. When controlled for body mass,
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