Essay on Cognitive Flashcards

Submitted By Hopefulcici
Words: 1863
Pages: 8
Open Document
Define information processing

Information is taken in by the senses (input) then encoded in the brain where it is processed; this processing is followed by an output.
Define memory

Memory is the encoding, storage and retrieval of information.
Describe the Multi-Store Model of memory

It is structural linear model.
3 stores:
Sensory memory (SM): capacity: duration: encoding:
Information is passed to the STM if we pay attention
Short-term memory(STM): capacity: 7 + or – 2 items (can be extended by chunking) duration: 10-20 seconds (can be extended by maintenance rehearsal) encoding: acoustic
Information is passed on to the LTM by elaborative rehearsal.
Long-term memory(LTM): capacity: unlimited duration: up to a lifetime encoding: semantic

Evaluate the Multi-Store Model of memory

Glanzer and Cunitz (1956) found that the first few words of a list (primacy effect) and the last few words (recency effect) are better recalled than the words in the middle of the list. The first few words are in the LTM and the last few words are in the STM at the time of recall. This is evidence for two distinct stores.
Clive Wearing (hippocampus damaged by viral infection) can no longer make new memories. This is evidence for a flow of information from the STM to the LTM, it is also evidence for the existence of two distinct stores. Furthermore he could remember being married but could not remember his wedding this shows that the LTM is not a single store i.e. semantic, procedural and episodic memory.
KF (hippocampus damaged after an accident) has difficulties with acoustic stimuli but no difficulties with visual stimuli, this is evidence for a STM made up of at least two stores which goes against the MSM.
However these are case studies, they cannot be replicated so the results are not reliable and as they are studies of one individual we cannot generalise the results to the wider population.

Describe the Working Memory Model

It is a functional model (it explains how memory works). It focuses on the STM and contains separate components.
The components do not only store information they also manipulate and analyse it.
Central executive: controls and coordinates the operation of the other components.
Visuo-spatial scratch pad: deals with visual and spatial information
Phonological loop deals with auditory information and is sub-divided into the phonological store and the articulatory control system
Phonological store: acts as an inner-ear and the articulatory control system acts as an inner voice.
Episodic buffer: integrate the information of the other slave systems and information from the LTM.

Evaluate the Working Memory Model

Baddeley and Hitch (1974): showed that participants can perform two task at the same time (dual task technique) as long as they involved different slave systems. This is evidence that the must consist of more than one component.
Word length effect: we recall more short words than long ones. This is because short words take less time to articulate than long words. This is evidence for the phonological loop.
It explains why KF could deal with auditory information but had difficulties with auditory stimuli. This is evidence for the existence for different slave systems. However it is a case study focusing on a single individual therefore the results cannot be generalised to the wider population. Furthermore it is not replicable therefore the results are not reliable.
Compare the Multi-Store Model of memory with the Working Memory Model

The WMM focuses on the STM whereas the MSM describes how information is processed from the sensory memory to the LTM.
Neither model can explain how we remember smell and touch.
The MSM is about structure whereas the WMM looks at the functioning of the memory
Both models can be used to understand brain damaged patient (explain)
EWT

What is a leading question?

It is a question that is phrased in such a way that it prompts a
Show More

Related Documents: Essay on Cognitive Flashcards

English for Children Aged 8-12 Essay

Title of elective: ENGLISH FOR CHILDREN AGES 8-12 ASSIGNMENT 1 1. How many distinct stages does an infant pass through between birth and 18 months? At which stage does the child / should the child start using consonants and vowels? A: They pass through 5 distinct stages. The child should start using consonants and vowels between 20-25 weeks. 2. What do we call the type of speech is when toddlers (by the age of 2) start using 2 words together? A: Telegraphic speech 3. At…

Words 4085 - Pages 17

Developmentally Appropriate Practice

language, books, dolls or toys to just one ethnic group making non-white children feel left out or unimportant. In the classroom, another example of not choosing developmentally appropriate practice would be limiting children to just worksheets or flashcards which may not be age appropriate with small children who are more engaged in active learning than sitting for extended periods of time working on worksheets. Children need a variety of learning strategies to keep them engaged and encouraged to…

Words 752 - Pages 4

Importance Of Curriculum Planning

Curriculum Planning should be comprehensive and inclusive, focusing on four developmental domains which includes Cognitive growth (language and literacy, math concepts & science); Physical; Social and emotional; and Aesthetic development. It is vital to have a meaningful curriculum which is based on children’s interest. The rational for choosing this topic is because I strongly believe that a child centered curriculum fosters diversification, flexibility and is coherent across levels enabling children…

Words 1050 - Pages 5

Teaching Practice Critique: Mnemonic Analysis

Each article discussed in this teaching practice critique mentions three mnemonic methods : keyword, pegword, and letter strategies. Teachers can apply these techniques within the different content areas to improve student learning. These mnemonic methods are shown to be most effective when taught to students with disabilities. The use of mnemonics in the classroom is an effective evidence based practice with a 1.62 mean effect size (M.Burchard, personal communications, Fall, 2014). Critique Scruggs…

Words 3150 - Pages 13

Personal Narrative: My Personal Field Experience

Introduction The past four months I have been working with children at a tutoring center. I have come to know and love these children over these past four months and during this paper I am going to talk about that experience and how my studies can relate to my time spent there. I will go over the field site and give background information about it as well as talk about connections to educational psychology during my field experience. I will go over topics that relate to my personal field experience…

Words 2027 - Pages 9

Notes On Personality Psychology

Psychology 305A: Personality Psychology W inter Session, 2012-2013 Section 003 Tuesday/Thursday, 11:00AM-12:30PM Room A101, Buchanan Building Instructor Dr. Sunaina Assanand (“Sue-nay-nah Ass-an-and”) Office: Room 2517, Kenny Building E-mail: assanand@psych.ubc.ca Phone: 604.822.2851 Office Hour: Friday, 11:30AM-1:30PM Teaching Assistants Doan Le (“Doe-Anne Lay”) TA for students with last names A-K Office: Room 1912, Kenny Building E-mail: dtle@psych.ubc.ca Phone: N/A Office…

Words 3841 - Pages 16

TDA 2 Essays

children, young people and adults in an educational environment is an important part of a professional relationship. Describe how communication with children and young people differs across different age ranges and stages of development Children’s cognitive, emotional, physical and social skills develop as they go through life. As they grow and mature, their needs, abilities, interests and challenges change. Younger children may be able to comprehend through very simple language and concrete images…

Words 4174 - Pages 17

Communication And Professional Relationships With Children, Young People And Adults

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults 1. Understand the principles of developing positive relationship with children, young people and adults. 1.1 Effective communication refers to success in producing a desired or intended result: an outstanding development of a child. In order to achieve this interaction an educator needs to engage through playing and exploring, active learning, creating and thinking critically the child or the young pupil. The…

Words 3257 - Pages 14

Psychology and Access Code Essay

learn to think like a psychologist. You will learn about major theoretical perspectives in psychology, research methods, and concepts from different content areas such as physiological psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, and cognitive psychology. Understanding some of the major concepts in psychology should prove beneficial for understanding the mental processes and behavior of people, as well as providing a framework for future studies in this field. This course should help…

Words 4662 - Pages 19

Essay on TDA 3

TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationships with children, young pupils and adults. 1.1. Effective communication is important when communicating with children young pupils and adults within the school environment. Having good communication skills will help us develop better relationship with children young pupils and adults. We should be versatile also when communicating with children young pupils and adults this could be due to cultural differences or disabilities. Building a good relationship…

Words 7355 - Pages 30