Laparoscopic Surgery

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Laparoscopic techniques have changed the field of surgery. Benefits are reduced postoperative pain, quicker return to activity, and less postoperative complications. However, rare complications are related to gaining access to the abdomen for laparoscopic surgery. Potential life-threatening complications are usually occurring during initial access like major vascular injury or bowl perforation.
The overall rate of major complications following a laparoscopic procedure is approximately 1.4 per 1,000 procedures. But the incidence of port site complications following laparoscopic surgery is considered to be around 21 per 100,000 cases (Afzal et al. 2014; Memon et al. 2013).
Hence, it has shown a proportional rise with the increase in size of
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2008).
Nonetheless, they can produce significant morbidity. The presence of significant peri-incisional erythema, wound drainage, and fever may indicate the presence of a necrotizing fascial infection (Losanoff et al. 2003).
The incidence of PSI was 1.8%. Jan et al. (2008) found the incidence to be 5.78%, Shindholimath et al. (2003) 6.3% and Colizza et al. (2004) <2% All PSIs were superficial, involving only the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Superficial skin infection is more common and has been reported by another study.
Umbilical port site was the first site of PSI followed by epigastric port site. In the literature, the light is spotted on the role of umbilical bacteria in the emerging of PSI (Jan et al. 2008).
Hence, the increased frequency of PSI and the trocar site of extraction are then well explained. All gall bladder specimens in cholecystectomy were removed through the epigastric port. Wound infections are prevented by appropriate administration of antibiotic prophylaxis, sterile techniques, and the use of specimen bags during specimen extraction. Once present, infections are treated with drainage, packing, and antibiotics as appropriate (Neri et al.