American sign Language is a complicated language spoken through intricate signs made by one's hands blended with a variety of facial expressions body positions and other gestures. The language is most commonly used by the deaf population in North America and is the major communication alternative for the deaf and hard of hearing. Since ASL is seen as an authentic and definite language it has many variations just like other languages do such as French and Spanish. There is no single form of sign…
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General Introduction • Linguistic knowledge ○ Part of knowing a language means: knowing what sounds (or signs) are in a language and what sounds are not (how they start, end, middle); certain sequences of sounds signify certain concepts or meanings; being able to produce new sentences and to understand sentences never heard before • Different kinds of linguistic knowledge - also represented as different parts of language competence ○ phonology (sound/gesture systems); ■ Note: phonological…
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The Big 6: Boundaries: In group and out groups: Age Slang/Jargon Regional Boundaries Hierarchies: Rankings of language us: Standard v. non-standard (good v. bad) Proper v. Improper Performance: Implementation of knowledge Accountability for form and content Assessment & Monitoring: Paying attention to other’s/own language use to determine how to categorize them Variation: The distinguishable aspects of all linguistics and social levels Socialization: Becoming a member of groups:…
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for a person or business that aspires to be successful. Culture can be defined as the norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs of a group of people (International Business, 2007). Other elements of culture include language, traditions, ceremonies, arts, etiquette, and body language. These elements affect business development in several ways. When doing business with others, one will have to how to handle people that may come from different backgrounds. What is the norm in that business person’s…
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and affirmation that reaches the heart of what it means to be human. It is an American story. THROUGH DEAF EYES does not approach the topic of deaf history from the perspective of sentimentality or of overcoming the inability to hear, nor does it deny the physical reality of being deaf. The documentary takes a straightforward look at life for people who are part of the cultural-linguistic group who use American Sign Language and often define themselves as “Deaf” — with a capital, and cultural, “D” —…
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religion dominates life in a way that is often difficult for Americans to understand. For example, workers from some Muslim cultures may want to pray three times a day in accordance with their values and beliefs. There may also be religious holidays on which people of certain religions are forbidden to work or need to follow certain customs. These differences need to be respected, where possible, and not ignored. Monochromic vs. Polychromic Monochromic cultures like to do just one thing…
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Ch. 16 Writing & Ch. 18 Language and Regional Variation Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language (4th ed.). New York: Cambridge. Written Language vs. Spoken Language Writing is defined as the symbolic representation of language through the use of graphic designs Not simply “acquired” Has to be learned through sustained effort Recent phenomenon Look at cave drawings nearly 20,000 years ago Clay tokens from 10,000 years ago Cuneiform Script One of the earliest known forms of…
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complementary opposites--also denoted as sacred vs. profane--high/low; anything out of perfect proportion results in physical or spiritual illness Time and Life Cycle: (1) variation-cross cultural variation in how human life stages are divided, significance attributed to each stage (2) biology- no universal or “natural” divisions for life stages, but human biology is a factor in most cultural conceptions of life cycle (3) intermediate stages- example would be child vs. adult; culturally constructed naturalized…
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globalization of production Three different views on Globalization -‐ economic level – trade liberalization worldwide -‐ industry level – varies: highly standardizied vs. locally focussed -‐ organization/product level – brands modified to suit consumer preference Evolvement of managerial orientation in multinational businesses…
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to discriminate two social greetings (i.e., hello vs. good-bye). He identified “hello” in 1/4 trials and good-bye in 3/4 trials. He required maximal verbal and kinesthetic cues to select an activity, in which he made 4 selections. Throughout the session, Ar~ required additional time to visually scan the items presented and the PECS symbols were rearranged to confirm his selection. In addition, a total communication approach, (American Sign Language, PECS, verbal productions) was implemented to optimize…
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